The Language of Anatomy Exercise 1 The Language of Anatomy

Anatomical Position Universally accepted standard position Body terminology refers to it “body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and toes forward, arms hanging at the sides, palms FACING FORWARD Lab Fig 1-2

Prone vs. Supine Supine Prone Anatomical position…palms to the front Palms to the rear Fig. 9-4

Directional Terms Posterior Anterior Dorsal Ventral Back Front Lab Fig 1-3

Directional Terms Superior Medial Lateral Inferior Above or upper Toward the midline of the body Lateral To the side Inferior Below or lower Lab Fig 1-3

Directional Terms Proximal Distal Superficial Deep Nearest to the midline Distal Farthest away Superficial Toward the surface (example: skin) Deep Toward the inside (example: organs) Lab Fig 1-3

Regions of the Body Cephalic…………..head Cervical…………...neck Vertebral………….spinal column Caudal…………….toward tail/posterior Lab Fig 1-2

Regions of the Body Appendicular………limbs & their attachments to the body axis Axial…………………body axis (head, neck, trunk)

Body Landmarks: Cephalic Facial (on the face) Nasal………………nose Buccal…………….cheek Oral………………..mouth Orbital…………….bony eye socket Cranial (surrounding the brain) Frontal……………forehead (anterior) Occipital…………back of head (posterior) Parietal…………..upper side Temporal………..lower side Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: Torso Thoracic (chest) Sternal…………….sternum/breastbone Costal……………..ribs Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis) Abdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribs Inguinal…….groin Umbilical…..navel Pelvic………pelvis Gluteal……..buttocks Coxal……….hip Pubic……….genital Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: Torso Inferior Spine Lumbar……..back, between ribs and hips Sacral……….back, between the hips Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: Pectoral Axillary……………armpit Acromial………….point of shoulder Scapular………….shoulder blade Deltoid……………upper shoulder/arm Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: Superior Appendages Brachial…………upper arm Antebrachial……forearm Olecranal………..elbow Carpal……………wrist Manual…………...hand Palmar……………palm of hand Digital…………….digits=fingers Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: Inferior Appendages Femoral………..thigh Patellar………...anterior knee Tibial…………...medial calf Fibular…………lateral calf Tarsal………….ankle Calcaneal……..heel of foot Pedal…………..foot Plantar………...sole of foot Digital………….digits=toes Lab Fig 1-2

Planes of Sectioning Longitudinal sections Sagittal planes Divides into right & left Midsaggital plane Equal right & left halves Frontal or coronal planes Divides into anterior & posterior Lab Fig 1-4

Planes of Sectioning Cross sections Horizontal or transverse planes Divides into superior & inferior Oblique planes Divide at an angle Helps relate models and figures to the body as a whole Lab Fig 1-4

Body cavities & organs Cranial Spinal Thoracic Abdominopelvic brain, pituitary gland Spinal spinal cord Thoracic heart, trachea, lungs, esophagus Abdominopelvic stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, prostate gland Lab Fig. 1-6

Serous membranes Produce serous fluid Lubricates organs Movement without friction Compartmentalize organs to help infections from spreading

Serous membranes Double-layered membranes Parietal layer Lines body cavity walls Visceral layer Covers external surface of the organ within that cavity

Serous membranes Pericardium Pleura(e) Peritoneum Surrounds the heart Surrounds the lungs Peritoneum Surrounds abdominopelvic organs Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.

Study, Learn it! QUIZ each other! Lab quiz tonight over tonight’s material, at end. Usually, we’ll do some lab and then have the quiz in the middle of the period Quiz will cover that night’s exercise Could also have anything prior/review