Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Lesson 1.1 Objectives Define the terms anatomy and physiology. List the levels of organization of the human body. Describe the 11 major organ systems. Define homeostasis. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy: the branch of science that studies the structure of the body Physiology: the branch of science that describes how the body functions Structure and function are closely related. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Body’s Levels of Organization Organization from simple to complex: Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Human organism Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Major Organ Systems Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Circulatory system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Major Organ Systems (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Major Organ Systems (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Major Organ Systems (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Major Organ Systems (cont’d.) Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Homeostasis: Staying the Same Homeostasis: the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment Homeostatic mechanisms: help maintain homeostasis Homeostatic imbalance: associated with various disorders Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Lesson 1.2 Objectives Describe the anatomical position. List common terms used for relative positions of the body. Describe the three major planes of the body. List anatomical terms for regions of the body. Describe the major cavities of the body. Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Anatomical Terms Anatomical position: Standing erect Face forward Arms at sides Toes and palms directed forward Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Relative Positions Directional term pairs: Superior and inferior Anterior and posterior Medial and lateral Proximal and distal Superficial and deep Central and peripheral Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Planes and Sections of the Body Sagittal plane: divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions Frontal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior portions Transverse plane: divides the body horizontally; creates an upper and lower body Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Regional Terms Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Cavities of the Body Dorsal cavity Cranial cavity Spinal (vertebral) cavity Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cavities of the Body (cont’d.) Divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity: Four quadrants Nine regions Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.