There are 45 questions on this test: GLO 1 – Questions 1 – 12 GLO 2 – Questions 13 – 27 GLO 3 – Questions 28 – 36 GLO 4 – Questions 37 – 45 Each slide is timed to change automatically You will have 45 seconds to complete each question Following the last slide on this test – Question 45 Follow your teacher’s instructions to score and record the test. All of your answers should be recorded on the Student Response Form – SF74-UT This slide will advance after 30 seconds STRUCTURES and FORCES Unit Test

Question 1 Piling materials into a particular shape, or design makes a solid structure. The following are examples of natural solid structures.. A. dams and mountains B. mountains and coral reefs C. brick walls and castle walls D.ice sculptures and sand castles Question 2 You can identify different kinds of structures by their familiar shape. A cupped hand represents a … A. mass structure B. shell structure C. frame structure D. solid structure STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 3 Containing, sheltering, transporting, lifting... are all words to describe a structure's … A. design B. stability C. function D. aesthetics Question 4 Spider webs are examples of structures that can hold up to 4000 times the weight of the spider that made it. The spider web is a … A. solid shell structure B. solid frame structure C. natural shell structure D. natural frame structure STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 5 Roof types are designed for cover and other useful purposes. A very steep roof design in a mountainous area is designed to prevent … A. heavy rains B. wind damage C. snow build-up D. climbing animals Question 6 How a structure is put together, how it is shaped and the types of materials that are used to build it are all part of the structure's... A. design B. stability C. function D. classification STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 7 Canadian inventor, Norman Breakey, made a revolutionary invention in The paint roller served a very important function, which was to paint a large area … A. faster and easier B. with less skill required C. with better quality paint D. in a more expensive way Question 8 Sun-baked ‘Adobe’ brick houses are usually found in countries where the climate is … A. temperate B. hot and dry C. wet and cool D. damp and cold STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 9 Some structures share the same function, although their appearance may be quite different. Each of the following roofs is used to provide a covering for a building Which roof type – called a gambrel roof - is commonly seen on a farm? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 10 One important criteria of good design - that is usually not written down in the specifications - is that the structure... A. is cost effective B. has a margin of safety C. has a solid foundation D. is esthetically pleasing Something to think about. Would there be anything wrong if this ‘Green Structure’ were to be built in your neighborhood? (Just think about what it would look like!) STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 12 The Taj Mahal in India is a … A. tomb B. castle C. temple D. mosque STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 Question 11 When a structure is built to withstand loads - more than it normally would carry - the structure is built with a larger... A. foundation B. set of pilings C. margin of safety D. symmetrical base This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 14 The actual effect of a force depends on three things: the magnitude, or size of the force; the direction of the force; and … A. how long the force is applied B. where the force is applied C. how the force is applied D. why the force is applied STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 Question 13 A student compared his mass and weight in two different places (Vancouver and Banff). Which statement is correct? A. His mass and weight were unchanged. B. His mass and weight were both the same. C. His mass was the same, but his weight was different D. His mass was different, but his weight was the same. This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 15 In structural drawings, arrows represent forces. A force that is being applied to a heavy box to lift it off the ground would be shown by the following arrow … A.B.C.D. Question 16 Identify which structure would have the greatest stability, because of its centre of gravity. A. Low centre of gravity and a wide base B. High centre of gravity and a wide base C. Low centre of gravity and a narrow base D. High centre of gravity and a narrow base STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 17 The Leaning Tower of Pisa is an example of a mass structure. The Tower was built with a lean originally and has been getting worse, because of the foundation on which it was built. The structure has not fallen over yet, because its center of gravity still keeps it relatively stable. Once it started to lean more, engineers knew that the center of gravity shifted. The reason that the Tower is moving is because... A. it is very windy in Pisa B. Pisa has many earthquakes C. the thrust line is inside the foundation D. the thrust line is outside the foundation STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 18 This bridge cannot perform its function any longer because it has collapsed. One of the probable causes of the failure of this structure was the actual weight of the bridge, which could not be supported by its suspension cables. This type of load is called … A. gravitational B. supporting C. dynamic D. static STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 20 Designers generally use three key methods to help structures withstand forces. They include all of the methods below, EXCEPT for... A. distribute the load evenly B. direct the forces along angled components C. place lighter materials above heavier materials D. shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face Question 19 Performance requirements are the guiding principles used to design structures. Maximum weight structures can support is expressed as … A. weight capacity B. static load mass C. load performance D. dynamic load mass STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 21 A force that acts to push parts of the object in contact with each other in opposite directions is this kind of internal force … A. twist B. bend C. shear D. buckle Question 22 Complementary forces happen when different kinds of forces act on a structure at the same time. An example of a complementary force is … A. twist B. bend C. shear D. buckle STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 24 When you put your hands on your desk and put all your weight on them - then try to move them forward, your hand (much like a structure), resists movement forward because of... A. frictional forces B. external forces C. kinetic forces D. static forces Question 23 An arch supports large loads because the force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation, from this point in the arch … A. column B. keystone C. loadstone D. cantilever STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 25 When a structure has a single horizontal load-bearing beam, supported by two columns - one at each end, the beam will likely bend in the middle A box and girder bridge spanning a river is a good example. This bending exerts pressure outward on the vertical supporting beams. To strengthen this bridge, for heavy vehicles to cross it, you should... A. utilize flying buttresses B. use a double cantilever design C. place additional columns in the middle D. reinforce the columns at both ends with braces STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 26 Structural stability requires that a variety of materials should to be utilized to avoid deformation and structural failure. hang-glider In a hang-glider the way to reduce internal forces, such as tension, compression and shear, on the component parts is to … A. distribute the load evenly B. direct the forces along angled components C. place lighter materials above heavier materials D. shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 27 Crash Test Dummies Auto safety designers and inspectors to identify impact points when material fails in a collision use Crash Test Dummies. When the car is rammed into a solid wall, the front end buckles. This happens to better protect the crash test dummies (us) in a real accident. The metal deforms because of the energy it absorbs in the impact. Designers... A. determine what materials buckle the least. B. identify the weaknesses and try to fix them. C. do this on purpose to ensure the material buckles. D. identify where the front end needs more reinforcement. STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 29 The following is an example of a composite material. A. fabric B. styrofoam C. cardboard D. reinforced concrete STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3 Question 28 A change of shape in a structure or a structural component, because the material is unable to resist the load acting on it is called … A. deformation B. brittleness C. resistance D. ductility This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 30 Windows on the top floor of a house are tinted to allow in the light, but keep out ultraviolet radiation. Solar panels used on the roof make the home more energy efficient because they produce … A. light B. electricity C. movement D. availability STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 32 The force that resists another object when the surfaces of each are in contact is called … A. force B. fusion C. fissure D. friction Question 31 Adhesives are used to bind materials together. A type of adhesive that hardens when it cools is... A. therapeutic glue B. solvent-based glue C. thermosetting glue D. solvent-enriched glue STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 33 This unique and imaginative structure built in 1967, can be seen in St. Paul, Alberta. It is the first of its kind in the world. The purpose of this structure is for UFO landings. The type of joints needed in this structure are … A. hard B. rigid C. moveable D. combination STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 35 The 656 muscles in your body allow your skeleton to move. The contraction and relaxing muscles is possible because they are made of … A. solid fibrous tendon B. solid fibrous cartilage C. semi-fibrous ligament D. semi-solid fibrous tissue Question 34 Bands of strong, flexible tissue that connect bones are called … A. cartilage B. ligament C. muscle D. skin STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 36 Science fiction often gives us exciting ideas about materials that can withstand almost any force. In reality, the perfect material has not been discovered yet. One material (if it could be made the thickness of a pencil - could stop a 747 jet). It is currently being synthetically developed and will have widespread use because of its strength. The material is known as... A. Kevlar® B. spider silk C. rice grain D. industrial bamboo STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 38 Some structures fail in extreme situations because the forces acting on the structure have exceeded the structure’s … A. deformation threshold B. stability parameters C. margin of safety D. building code STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4 Question 37 Improving designs to solve a structural problem is to combine materials and components in new … A. technologies B. arrangements C. adhesives D. functions This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 39 Consumer Product Tests ensure that a product is safe to use. The first step in the testing process is to test the product’s … A. components B. performance C. durability D. design Question 40 Tire pressure safety margins are calculated and can be affected by … A. cloud cover B. temperature C. time of day D. stop signs STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 41 Stability in a structure is dependant on a number of factors. One of these factors is whether or not a structure could fail if an extreme force was applied to the structure that was not in the original design specifications. The Empire State building is a steel frame building that survived the crash of a USAF Bomber hitting it between the 78th and the 79th floors. The design component that likely enabled the Empire State building to withstand this incredible force was its … A. mass B. central location C. reinforced concrete D. lack of glass materials used STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 43 A stronger material, made by gluing layers of the same material together, is done through a process known as … A. lamination B. corrugation C. reinforcement D. papier-mâché Question 42 Any design can be evaluated from many different perspectives. The most common perspectives designers and engineers use include … A. cost, benefits, materials, aesthetics B. materials, benefits, safety, waste production C. cost, benefits, safety, impact on the environment D. impact on the consumer, aesthetics, safety, waste reduction STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4 This slide will advance after 1 minute and 30 seconds

Question 44 Technological advancements have led to new composite materials being developed. One such material is used in such diverse products as tires, fiber optic cables, and sporting goods. This composite material is known as … A. Spider silk B. Fiberglass C. Titanium D. Kevlar® STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4 This slide will advance after 45 seconds

Question 45 A radio that operates by turning a crank in the back, or on its side, provides enough power to last about 30 minutes. The radio operates on mechanical energy, with no need for batteries or electricity. It could become very popular because one of its best advantages is its … A. cost B. design C. portability D. flexibility This slide will advance after 45 seconds STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4

ANSWER KEY This is the end of the test: ANSWER KEY GLO 1 – Questions 1 – 12 GLO 2 – Questions 13 – 27 GLO 3 – Questions 28 – 36 GLO 4 – Questions 37 – 45 Follow your teacher’s instructions to score and record the test. All of your answers should be recorded on the Student Response Form – SF74-UT STRUCTURES and FORCES Unit Test This slide will advance after the Mouse Click

Question 1 Piling materials into a particular shape, or design makes a solid structure. The following are examples of natural solid structures.. A. dams and mountains B. mountains and coral reefs C. brick walls and castle walls D.ice sculptures and sand castles This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 2 You can identify different kinds of structures by their familiar shape. A cupped hand represents a … A. mass structure B. shell structure C. frame structure D. solid structure STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1

Question 3 Containing, sheltering, transporting, lifting... are all words to describe a structure's … A. design B. stability C. function D. aesthetics This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 4 Spider webs are examples of structures that can hold up to 4000 times the weight of the spider that made it. The spider web is a … A. solid shell structure B. solid frame structure C. natural shell structure D. natural frame structure STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1

Question 5 Roof types are designed for cover and other useful purposes. A very steep roof design in a mountainous area is designed to prevent … A. heavy rains B. wind damage C. snow build-up D. climbing animals This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 6 How a structure is put together, how it is shaped and the types of materials that are used to build it are all part of the structure's... A. design B. stability C. function D. classification STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1

Question 7 Canadian inventor, Norman Breakey, made a revolutionary invention in The paint roller served a very important function, which was to paint a large area … A. faster and easier B. with less skill required C. with better quality paint D. in a more expensive way This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 8 Sun-baked ‘Adobe’ brick houses are usually found in countries where the climate is … A. temperate B. hot and dry C. wet and cool D. damp and cold STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1

Question 9 Some structures share the same function, although their appearance may be quite different. Each of the following roofs is used to provide a covering for a building Which roof type – called a gambrel roof - is commonly seen on a farm? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1

Question 10 One important criteria of good design - that is usually not written down in the specifications - is that the structure... A. is cost effective B. has a margin of safety C. has a solid foundation D. is esthetically pleasing Something to think about. Would there be anything wrong if this ‘Green Structure’ were to be built in your neighborhood? (Just think about what it would look like!) This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1

Question 12 The Taj Mahal in India is a … A. tomb B. castle C. temple D. mosque STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 1 This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 11 When a structure is built to withstand loads - more than it normally would carry - the structure is built with a larger... A. foundation B. set of pilings C. margin of safety D. symmetrical base

Question 14 The actual effect of a force depends on three things: the magnitude, or size of the force; the direction of the force; and … A. how long the force is applied B. where the force is applied C. how the force is applied D. why the force is applied STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2 This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 13 A student compared his mass and weight in two different places (Vancouver and Banff). Which statement is correct? A. His mass and weight were unchanged. B. His mass and weight were both the same. C. His mass was the same, but his weight was different D. His mass was different, but his weight was the same.

Question 15 In structural drawings, arrows represent forces. A force that is being applied to a heavy box to lift it off the ground would be shown by the following arrow … A.B.C.D. This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 16 Identify which structure would have the greatest stability, because of its centre of gravity. A. Low centre of gravity and a wide base B. High centre of gravity and a wide base C. Low centre of gravity and a narrow base D. High centre of gravity and a narrow base STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 17 The Leaning Tower of Pisa is an example of a mass structure. The Tower was built with a lean originally and has been getting worse, because of the foundation on which it was built. The structure has not fallen over yet, because its center of gravity still keeps it relatively stable. Once it started to lean more, engineers knew that the center of gravity shifted. The reason that the Tower is moving is because... A. it is very windy in Pisa B. Pisa has many earthquakes C. the thrust line is inside the foundation D. the thrust line is outside the foundation This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 18 This bridge cannot perform its function any longer because it has collapsed. One of the probable causes of the failure of this structure was the actual weight of the bridge, which could not be supported by its suspension cables. This type of load is called … A. gravitational B. supporting C. dynamic D. static This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 20 Designers generally use three key methods to help structures withstand forces. They include all of the methods below, EXCEPT for... A. distribute the load evenly B. direct the forces along angled components C. place lighter materials above heavier materials D. shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 19 Performance requirements are the guiding principles used to design structures. Maximum weight structures can support is expressed as … A. weight capacity B. static load mass C. load performance D. dynamic load mass STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 21 A force that acts to push parts of the object in contact with each other in opposite directions is this kind of internal force … A. twist B. bend C. shear D. buckle This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 22 Complementary forces happen when different kinds of forces act on a structure at the same time. An example of a complementary force is … A. twist B. bend C. shear D. buckle STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 24 When you put your hands on your desk and put all your weight on them - then try to move them forward, your hand (much like a structure), resists movement forward because of... A. frictional forces B. external forces C. kinetic forces D. static forces Question 23 An arch supports large loads because the force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation, from this point in the arch … A. column B. keystone C. loadstone D. cantilever STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 25 When a structure has a single horizontal load-bearing beam, supported by two columns - one at each end, the beam will likely bend in the middle A box and girder bridge spanning a river is a good example. This bending exerts pressure outward on the vertical supporting beams. To strengthen this bridge, for heavy vehicles to cross it, you should... A. utilize flying buttresses B. use a double cantilever design C. place additional columns in the middle D. reinforce the columns at both ends with braces This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 26 Structural stability requires that a variety of materials should to be utilized to avoid deformation and structural failure. hang-glider In a hang-glider the way to reduce internal forces, such as tension, compression and shear, on the component parts is to … A. distribute the load evenly B. direct the forces along angled components C. place lighter materials above heavier materials D. shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 27 Crash Test Dummies Auto safety designers and inspectors to identify impact points when material fails in a collision use Crash Test Dummies. When the car is rammed into a solid wall, the front end buckles. This happens to better protect the crash test dummies (us) in a real accident. The metal deforms because of the energy it absorbs in the impact. Designers... A. determine what materials buckle the least. B. identify the weaknesses and try to fix them. C. do this on purpose to ensure the material buckles. D. identify where the front end needs more reinforcement. This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 2

Question 29 The following is an example of a composite material. A. fabric B. styrofoam C. cardboard D. reinforced concrete STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3 This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 28 A change of shape in a structure or a structural component, because the material is unable to resist the load acting on it is called … A. deformation B. brittleness C. resistance D. ductility

Question 30 Windows on the top floor of a house are tinted to allow in the light, but keep out ultraviolet radiation. Solar panels used on the roof make the home more energy efficient because they produce … A. light B. electricity C. movement D. availability This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3

Question 32 The force that resists another object when the surfaces of each are in contact is called … A. force B. fusion C. fissure D. friction This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 31 Adhesives are used to bind materials together. A type of adhesive that hardens when it cools is... A. therapeutic glue B. solvent-based glue C. thermosetting glue D. solvent-enriched glue STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3

Question 33 This unique and imaginative structure built in 1967, can be seen in St. Paul, Alberta. It is the first of its kind in the world. The purpose of this structure is for UFO landings. The type of joints needed in this structure are … A. hard B. rigid C. moveable D. combination This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3

Question 35 The 656 muscles in your body allow your skeleton to move. The contraction and relaxing muscles is possible because they are made of … A. solid fibrous tendon B. solid fibrous cartilage C. semi-fibrous ligament D. semi-solid fibrous tissue This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 34 Bands of strong, flexible tissue that connect bones are called … A. cartilage B. ligament C. muscle D. skin STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3

Question 36 Science fiction often gives us exciting ideas about materials that can withstand almost any force. In reality, the perfect material has not been discovered yet. One material (if it could be made the thickness of a pencil - could stop a 747 jet). It is currently being synthetically developed and will have widespread use because of its strength. The material is known as... A. Kevlar® B. spider silk C. rice grain D. industrial bamboo This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 3

Question 38 Some structures fail in extreme situations because the forces acting on the structure have exceeded the structure’s … A. deformation threshold B. stability parameters C. margin of safety D. building code STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4 This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 37 Improving designs to solve a structural problem is to combine materials and components in new … A. technologies B. arrangements C. adhesives D. functions

Question 39 Consumer Product Tests ensure that a product is safe to use. The first step in the testing process is to test the product’s … A. components B. performance C. durability D. design This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 40 Tire pressure safety margins are calculated and can be affected by … A. cloud cover B. temperature C. time of day D. stop signs STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4

Question 41 Stability in a structure is dependant on a number of factors. One of these factors is whether or not a structure could fail if an extreme force was applied to the structure that was not in the original design specifications. The Empire State building is a steel frame building that survived the crash of a USAF Bomber hitting it between the 78th and the 79th floors. The design component that likely enabled the Empire State building to withstand this incredible force was its … A. mass B. central location C. reinforced concrete D. lack of glass materials used This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4

Question 43 A stronger material, made by gluing layers of the same material together, is done through a process known as … A. lamination B. corrugation C. reinforcement D. papier-mâché This slide will advance after the Mouse Click Question 42 Any design can be evaluated from many different perspectives. The most common perspectives designers and engineers use include … A. cost, benefits, materials, aesthetics B. materials, benefits, safety, waste production C. cost, benefits, safety, impact on the environment D. impact on the consumer, aesthetics, safety, waste reduction STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4

Question 44 Technological advancements have led to new composite materials being developed. One such material is used in such diverse products as tires, fiber optic cables, and sporting goods. This composite material is known as … A. Spider silk B. Fiberglass C. Titanium D. Kevlar® This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4

Question 45 A radio that operates by turning a crank in the back, or on its side, provides enough power to last about 30 minutes. The radio operates on mechanical energy, with no need for batteries or electricity. It could become very popular because one of its best advantages is its … A. cost B. design C. portability D. flexibility This slide will advance after the Mouse Click STRUCTURES and FORCESGLO 4