 SI - (AKA International System of Units or S.I.) is a measuring system based on units of 10.  Math – the language of science

Units in the S.I. are:  meter (m), which is used for measuring length.  liter (l), which is used to measure volume. *  gram (g), which is used to measure mass.

Kilo (k) Hecto (h) Deka (de) or deca (da) Base Unit (m, l, or g) Deci (d) Centi (c) Milli (m) /1 100/1 10/1 1 1/10 1/1001/1000

 The three prefixes that we will use the most are: ◦ kilo ◦ centi ◦ milli kilohectodeca Base Units Meter gram liter decicentimilli

 The prefixes are based on powers of 10. What does this mean? ◦ From each prefix every “step” is either:  10 times larger or  10 times smaller ◦ For example  Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters  1 centimeter = 10 millimeters kilo hectodeca Base Units meter gram liter deci centimilli

 An easy way to move within the metric system is by moving the decimal point one place for each “step” desired (swoop method) Example: change meters to centimeters 1 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimeters or 1.00 meter = 10.0 decimeters = 100. centimeters kilo hectodeca meter liter gram deci centimilli

 If you move to the left in the diagram, move the decimal to the left  If you move to the right in the diagram, move the decimal to the right kilo hectodeca meter liter gram deci centimilli

 Summary ◦ Base units in the SI (metric system) are meter (length), liter (volume), gram (mass) ◦ Metric system is based on powers of 10 ◦ For conversions within the SI, each “step” is 1 decimal place to the right or left

 Practice problems:

m 3 cm 3 L mL When do you use m 3 ? irregular objects? 1cm 3 = 1mL

 Ruler (length)  Graduated cylinder (volume)  Triple beam balance (mass)  Digital balance (mass)

1. Begin on the 1cm mark and make your recording. 2. Subtract 1 from the number your recorded to get your answer. For example: 1.5cm cm = 0.5 cm  Make sure you include 1 digit after the decimal. This is usually an estimate.

 3.85 cm cm = 2.85 cm

◦ Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters so it takes more millimeters for the same length 1 centimeter = 10 millimeter 1 mm 1 cm

1. Place the graduated cylinder on a flat surface. 2. Read from the bottom of the meniscus (bubble) at EYE LEVEL. 3. Again you want to estimate.

1. Move all sliders/masses to the left. 2. Check to see if the mark on the moving arm lines up with the 0 on the balance. 3. Place specimen on pan then move the sliders until the marks line up at 0.

1.Place the electronic balance on a flat, stable surface indoors. 2.Press the "ON" button and wait for the balance to show zeroes on the digital screen. 3.Use a container for your object to be massed (never place directly on the balance).

4.Press the "Tare" or "Zero" button to automatically deduct the weight of the container from future calculations. The digital display will show zero again, indicating that the container's mass is stored in the balance's memory.

Digital balance (con’t) 5. Carefully add the substance to the container. Ideally this is done with the container still on the platform, but it may be removed if necessary. Avoid placing the container on surfaces that may have substances which will add mass to the container such as powders or grease. 6. Place the container with the substance back on the balance platform if necessary and record the mass as indicated by the digital display

To making accurate and precise measurements.

% Error= (experimental–accepted) x100 accepted value