` ➲ Self-Actualization –“First force” psychology –“Second force” psychology –“Third force” psychology –“Fourth force” psychology

“Third force” psychology

➲ Psychoanalysis –“First force” psychology –“Second force” psychology –“Third force” psychology –“Fourth force” psychology

“Second force” psychology

➲ Behaviorism –“First force” psychology –“Second force” psychology –“Third force” psychology –“Fourth force” psychology

“First force” psychology

➲ Trans-Personal Psychology –“First force” psychology –“Second force” psychology –“Third force” psychology –“Fourth force” psychology

“Fourth force” psychology

➲ Developed the Hierarchy of needs pyramid used in Third Force Psychology ➲ I van Pavlov ➲ Sigmund Freud ➲ J.B. Watson ➲ Abraham Maslow

➲ Extended behaviorism to humans with his “Little Albert” experiment ➲ I van Pavlov ➲ Sigmund Freud ➲ J.B. Watson ➲ Abraham Maslow

➲ J.B. Watson

➲ Famous for founding behaviorism with his experiments with salivating dogs ➲ I van Pavlov ➲ Sigmund Freud ➲ J.B. Watson ➲ Abraham Maslow

◦ I van Pavlov

➲ Founded Psychoanalysis with its emphasis on the unconscious mind ➲ I van Pavlov ➲ Sigmund Freud ➲ J.B. Watson ➲ Abraham Maslow

◦ Sigmund Freud

➲ Secular Humanists believe mankind is innately (good/bad).

➲ good

➲ According to secular humanists, _________ is responsible for the evil of mankind.

➲ According to secular humanists, society is responsible for the evil of mankind.

➲ Why do Secular Humanist not accept behaviorism? They cannot live without believing they have __________.

➲ Why do Secular Humanist not accept behaviorism? They cannot live without believing they have free will.

➲ T/F Secular Humanists believe a self- centered attitude is crucial for mental the mental health of the individual.

➲ True

➲ T/F Secular Humanists also believe society must be restructured based on this self-centered attitude.

➲ True

➲ Secular Humanists look to Abraham Maslow (famous for his ______________ pyramid) who founded what is known as “third force” Psychology.

➲ Secular Humanists look to Abraham Maslow (famous for his hierarchy of needs pyramid) who founded what is known as “third force” Psychology.

➲ The goal of Maslow and most secular Humanists is ____________.

➲ The goal of Maslow and most secular Humanists is self-actualization.

➲ Marxists, on the other hand, hold to a modified view of Pavlov’s theories. One thing that is crucial for the Marxist is _________ because their proletariat struggle against the bourgeoisie must be a conscious struggle.

➲ Marxists, on the other hand, hold to a modified view of Pavlov’s theories. One thing that is crucial for the Marxist is free will because their proletariat struggle against the bourgeoisie must be a conscious struggle.

➲ How do they modify Pavlov’s theories? Pavlov believed in stimulus-response. Marxists believe in a “second signal”, stimulus-stimulus-response. To them, the second signal is ________.

➲ How do they modify Pavlov’s theories? Pavlov believed in stimulus-response. Marxists believe in a “second signal”, stimulus-stimulus-response. To them, the second signal is speech.

➲ According to the Marxist what is major problem in society? ___________.

➲ According to the Marxist what is major problem in society? Capitalism.

➲ Many felt these theories of psychology do not account for “spiritual” experiences. A school of psychology called ___________ psychology (also called “fourth force” psychology) arose to address this. It stresses the spiritual and the unexplained such as out of body experiences, near death experiences, native American healing, etc.

➲ Many felt these theories of psychology do not account for “spiritual” experiences. A school of psychology called transpersonal psychology (also called “fourth force” psychology) arose to address this. It stresses the spiritual and the unexplained such as out of body experiences, near death experiences, native American healing, etc.

➲ This school of psychology is favored by the Cosmic Humanists. ➲ T/F Cosmic humanists believe we achieve better mental (and physical) well being by achieving “higher states of consciousness.”

➲ True

➲ T/F And all mental and physical problems occur because we have not yet achieved higher consciousness.

➲ True

➲ T/F They also believer criminal tendencies occur for the same reason and that criminals who are put in touch with their higher consciousness can become healthy.

➲ True

● Muslims believe that God breathed his Spirit into mankind, ● But the only divine qualities entrusted to humans as a result of God’s breath were those of ● _________, ● _____ ● and ______.

● Muslims believe that God breathed his Spirit into mankind, ● But the only divine qualities entrusted to humans as a result of God’s breath were those of ● knowledge, ● will ● and action.

➲ T/F Muslims believe that each person is born in a natural state of purity, with a true faith of Islam, but (in the case of all other religions) is falsely converted by his or her parents.

➲ True

➲ T/F According to Islam, the Fall was only a slip on Adam and Eve’s part that was completely forgiven after their repentance. It had no further effect on the nature of man or the world. (In other words, there is no original sin.)

➲ True

➲ T/F Muslims don't deny that Jesus died on the cross.

➲ False

➲ T/F Muslims don't believe that man is good by nature.

➲ False

➲ The traditional idea of an immaterial soul has been replaced with the idea of socially constructed “______.”

➲ The traditional idea of an immaterial soul has been replaced with the idea of socially constructed “selves.”

➲ T/F Instead of viewing human beings as a “unified self,” Postmodern psychologists look at the individual as a multiplicity of “selves”.

➲ True

➲ Post-modernists say our identity is the result of ______ factors.

➲ Post-modernists say our identity is the result of social factors.