August 2, 2010 TE 818

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943)  Studied exemplary people  Physiological Needs (warmth, shelter, food)  Security Needs (protection from danger)  Social Needs (love, friendship, comradeship)  Ego Needs (self respect, personal worth, autonomy)  Self Actualization Needs (full potential)

Abraham Maslow (1943)

Bloom’s Taxonomy Cognitive Needs  Objectives: How will students be changed by the educative process?  Teaching is intentional  How will I help my students achieve those objectives?  Teaching is reasoned  What objectives?  A verb (cognitive process) plus a noun (knowledge)

Organizing Questions ① What is important for students to learn in the limited school and classroom time available? (the learning question) ② How does one plan and deliver instruction that will result in high levels of learning for large numbers of students? (the instruction question) ③ How does one select or design assessment instruments and procedures that provide accurate information about how well students are learning? (the assessment question) ④ How does one ensure that objectives, instruction, and assessment are consistent with one another? (the alignment question)

Bloom’s Taxonomy: A learning process

Four Types of Knowledge  Factual Knowledge  Basic elements  Conceptual Knowledge  Interrelationships among basic elements  Procedural Knowledge  How to do something  Metacognitive Knowledge  Knowledge of cognition

THE TAXONOMY TABLE COGNITIVE PROCESS DIMENSION FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGEDIMENSION 1. REMEMBER Recognizing Recalling 2. UNDERSTAND Interpreting Exemplifying Classifying Summarizing Inferring Comparing Explaining 3. APPLY Executing Implementing 4. ANALYZE Differentiating Organizing Attributing 5. EVALUATE Checking Critiquing 6. CREATE Generating Planning Producing CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE METACOGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE

References     Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition, New York : Longman.  Bloom, Benjamin S. & David R. Krathwohl. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York, Longmans.  Huitt, W. (2007). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved July 28, 2010 from,