What’s so important about being understood?

A Small List  Rush LimbaughForrest Gump  Warner Bros cartoonsBill Clinton  A Fish Called WandaMoses  Children of a Lesser GodChristopher Reeve  The World According to GarpRain Man  One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest  Ronald Reagan40 First Dates  Sixth SensePearl Harbor  Thunderbirds

Communication Disorders  Communication disorders are relatively common (approx. 1 out of every 6 persons are affected)  What is communication? Definition:  “process of sharing information between two or more persons”  “transmission of thoughts or feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of a listener” – Borden, Harris, & Raphael, 1994, p. 174

Communication Thoughts & feelings of speaker Mind of Listener

Importance of Communication  Basic reasons we communicate  Request  Reject  Comment  So many more reasons  Share experiences  Receive comfort/understanding  Interact with those around us through communication (marriage proposals to justification of a salary increase to teaching your child his/her first word)

Importance of communication  Importance of communication  Human communication is unique because of the use of language and speech  Speech  Sign language  Reading/writing  Basically two types  Nonverbal  Verbal

First things first – Process of communicating Formulation TransmissionReception Comprehension Modality

Nonverbal Communication  What we say….when we’re not talking  A few funny sites  2Tk&feature=related 2Tk&feature=related  HU (hilarious, but a bit crude) HU  F25E F25E

Communication & Speech, Language, and Hearing Human communication SpeechLanguage

Good communication involves… Four Principles for Effective Communicators: 1. Quantity – provides the right amount and type of information 2. Quality – shares information that is accurate 3. Relevance – maintains the topic 4. Manner – speaks fluently

Process of spoken language Involves language Puts thoughts and ideas into words Formulation Speech Fluently expressing thoughts & ideas Transmission Hearing Receives communication sent by other person Reception

Which leads to….. LanguageinterpretationComprehension

How would you define?  Language  Speech  Hearing

What is Language? As defined by Nelson (1998): “socially shared code that uses a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to others who know the same code”

Language Socially SharedA code Words Conventional Rules

Language is representational We represent our thoughts and feelings through words, gestures, writing, signs…..

Rules of Language Meaning of language ‘getting your point across” Content Organization of words, sounds, sentences Structure of language Form Functional use of language Pragmatics - social Use

5 domains of language morphologySemanticsphonologypragmaticssyntax

The five domains  Semantics – meaning of words and word combinations  Syntax – organization of sentences  Morphology – organization of words  Phonology – organization of sounds (phonemes)  Pragmatics – language use for social purposes  ent/Pragmatics.htm ent/Pragmatics.htm

Okay, so what is speech?  Neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language  Involves three systems: -respiration -phonation -articulation  Most common form of language expression because of advantages over other modalities  6LwDyyk&feature=user (example of articulation) 6LwDyyk&feature=user

Essential building blocks for normal speech 1. Breathstream – consistent and even 2. Voice – appropriate intensity and pitch 3. Articulation – precision in phoneme production 4.Fluency – effortless and smooth speech

Hearing  The perception of sound (in the communication process, the perception of speech)  Steps of sound processing: -creation of sound source -vibration of air particles -reception by ear -comprehension by brain

Communication Disorder  Present when a person is either unable to or has significant difficulties in one or more of the four processes (formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension)  Formulation or comprehension problems  language impairment   Transmission problems  speech impairment   Reception problems  hearing impairment  

Communication DisorderDifference

 When considering a person’s communicative abilities, we must be knowledgeable about their language, dialect, and cultural background  A “difference” is when an “individual’s communication patterns differ substantially from that of the person or persons with whom he/she is communicating

Language Disorder  Breakdown in one or more of the domains of semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmatics  Child language disorders -ex. Specific language impairment (SLI)  Adult language disorders -ex. Aphasia

Disorders of Speech  Breakdown in one or more of the systems of respiration, phonation, and articulation  Articulation and phonology disorders -distortions, substitutions, and omissions of speech sounds  Fluency disorders  Voice disorders -aphonia and dysphonia  Motor speech disorders -apraxia and dysarthria

Disorders of Hearing  Breakdown in the reception or transmission of sound  Sensorineural hearing impairment -inner ear or auditory nerve  Conductive hearing impairment -outer or middle ear  Auditory processing disorder -auditory center in the brain

Disorders of Feeding & Swallowing  Pediatric disorders of feeding and swallowing  Cleft palate  Cerebral palsy  Disordered interactions with feeding partners  Adult dysphagia

Career Options  Speech-language pathology  Audiology  Allied Professions -special education -neurologist -occupational therapist -otorhinolaryngologist -pediatrician -psychologist

Video clip about SLPs & Auds  KE (SLP) KE  GtBI&feature=related (Aud) GtBI&feature=related

Job Options for SLPs Hospitals Private clinics Schools Universities Nursing Homes