HIV Seroprevalence for Pregnant Women Selected Urban Areas of Africa: Note: Includes infection from HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Source: U.S. Census Bureau HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base HIV Seroprevalence (%) Kampala Nairobi Abidjan Harare Kwazulu/ Natal Lagos Yaounde Francistown Blantyre Lusaka Dakar

HIV Seroprevalence for Pregnant Women Selected Urban Areas of Africa: Note: Includes infection from HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Source: U.S. Census Bureau HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base HIV Seroprevalence (%) Kampala Kwazulu/ Natal Dakar

Decline in HIV Prevalence in Zambia

Expected Increases in HIV prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa Data to be released in July, 2002

Learning From Epidemiology New thinking about an old approach: ABC New thinking about an old approach: ABC Circumcision Circumcision Demands for healthcare Demands for healthcare

In “Non-Condom Behaviors and the Reduction of Incidence and Prevalence in Zambia and Uganda: Background Materials for a Discussion on the Future of Social Marketing”(PSI/AIDSMARK 2002).

UGANDA’S PURSUIT OF THREE BEHAVIORS OF THREE BEHAVIORS

All components of the ABC approach are necessary.

Male Circumcision Evidence of association is indisputable Evidence of association is indisputable Evidence of biological plausibility Evidence of biological plausibility Clinical trials underway to test the effectiveness of circumcising at risk men Clinical trials underway to test the effectiveness of circumcising at risk men results, if positive, will lead to new areas of intervention. results, if positive, will lead to new areas of intervention.

1.5 million 3 million 6 million The rising demand for health care services has become impossible to ignore.