Ratifying the Constitution Chapter 5, Sec. 3

The Process… Ratification – official approval required agreement of nine states. Americans shocked by the radical changes of the new Constitution Each state called for a Convention where delegates voted to accept or reject the new Constitution.

Federalists (favor Constitution) Favor a strong, national government. Argue checks and balances prevent one branch from too much power Strong Government needed to: Facilitate interstate and foreign trade National defense Foreign relations (war, treaties) Bill of Rights NOT needed: James Madison Constitution protected rights (people govern themselves) Most states already had basic bill of rights George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

Anti-Federalists (oppose Constitution) In favor of strong state governments. Believe national government would take power from states. National Bill of Rights is necessary. Forced Federalists to agree this would be Congress’ first task. Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee Patrick Henry Sam Adams

War of Words Both sides waged a war of words in the public debate over ratification. The Federalist, was a series of 85 essays defending the Constitution. Letters from the Federal Framer, most widely read Anti-Federalist publication. Richard Henry Lee

Ratification of the Constitution Delaware led the country in ratifying it in Dec. of 1787 and it was finally ratified by all states in 1790. Sept. 1789, Congress submitted 12 amendments for states’ ratification Dec. 1791, ¾ of the states ratified 10 of the amendments, which became known as the Bill of Rights.

Bill of Rights Constitution did not guarantee the gov’t would protect the rights of the people/states. Thomas Jefferson felt this was the drawback to ratification. People demanded a Bill of Rights that guaranteed the freedom of speech, press, religion, trial by jury and bear arms.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation. 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation. 6th Right to a fair and swift trial. 7th 8th 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation. 6th Right to a fair and swift trial. 7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts. 8th 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation. 6th Right to a fair and swift trial. 7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts. 8th Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail. 9th 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and redress. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation. 6th Right to a fair and swift trial. 7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts. 8th Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail. 9th Establishes people have rights beyond those stated in the Constitution. 10th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and redress. 2nd Right to bear arms (weapons) 3rd Restricts how federal government can house soldiers in citizens’ homes. 4th Protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th Grand jury required; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; no taking of private property with compensation. 6th Right to a fair and swift trial. 7th Right to a jury trial in civil cases in federal courts. 8th Protects against cruel & unusual punishment and excessive bail. 9th Establishes people have rights beyond those stated in the Constitution. 10th All powers not given to feds or denied to the states are held by each state, or the people.

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Group that opposed the Constitution. Group that supported the Constitution. Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights

# of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine Group that opposed the Constitution. Group that supported the Constitution. Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights

Nine Anti-Federalists # of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine Group that opposed the Constitution. Anti-Federalists Group that supported the Constitution. Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights

Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists # of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine Group that opposed the Constitution. Anti-Federalists Group that supported the Constitution. Federalists Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights

Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists # of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine Group that opposed the Constitution. Anti-Federalists Group that supported the Constitution. Federalists Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights

Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists # of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine Group that opposed the Constitution. Anti-Federalists Group that supported the Constitution. Federalists Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights

Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists # of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine Group that opposed the Constitution. Anti-Federalists Group that supported the Constitution. Federalists Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights

Nine Anti-Federalists Federalists # of states needing to ratify to make Const law. Nine Group that opposed the Constitution. Anti-Federalists Group that supported the Constitution. Federalists Favored national gov’t. Favored state gov’ts. Wanted Bill of Rights Did not want Bill of Rights