AP EUROPEAN HISTORY “Between the Wars”

Enfranchisement of WOMEN Russia women receive very limited voting rights  Essentially no real influence Great Britain: women receive limited suffrage  complete women’s suffrage 1919-Germany: women’s suffrage under the Weimar Republic United States: Women’s suffrage ratified into the Constitution

Socialist in TWO Camps Communists  Extreme left  Associated with Moscow Social Democrats  Revisionist Marxists  Relied on parliamentary means for reform

Rise of European Dictators Benito Mussolini  Italy, 1922  First of the post- WWI European Dictators  Father of Fascism Lenin was to bring the first single-party state

Communism in Germany “Spartacists”  Communists attempted to bring about proletariat revolution in Germany in 1919  Crushed by Provisional Government (prior to Weimar Republic)  Communist Party of Germany (KPD)

GermanUnrest “diktat”- a dictated peace  German term illustrating the resentment towards the Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Repallo-1922  Trade and military training relationship b/w Germany and USSR  Germans use relationship to “secretly” keep military training, strategy and technology fresh  Helped USSR industrialize  Government ideologies fundamentally different

German Economy Suffered severe INFLATION  Government printed money to offset economic problems after WWI  Made money worthless  4 trillion paper marks = $ Suffered severe DEPRESSION  Dawes Plan helped boost economy with US investment  Great Depression in US has big effect on Germany economy

Focus on Peace Treaties at LOCARNO: 1925-European powers signed agreements indicating international good will and assurances against war- “Spirit of Locarno”  Germany guaranteed safe frontiers to France and Belgium  GB promises aid if French and Belgium frontiers compromised by Germany  Does not promise same to Poland and Czechoslovakia… 1928-Briand-Kellogg Pact of Paris  65 nations condemned war as a solution to international controversies  Affirmed nations renouced war as instrument of national policy

End of Ottoman Empire Turks fought for nationalism as the Empire collasped Imperialist endeavors of Europeans influenced heavy nationalist revolution led by army officer Mustapha Kemal –also attributed with westernizing Turkey  Turkish Republic  Western clothing  Separation of church and state Constantinople become Istanbul Capital moved to Ankara