Anti-neutrinos Spectra from Nuclear Reactors Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data Center.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Alejandro Sonzogni Subgroup 25 May 3, 2006 meeting Using INEL TAGS data in the ENSDF/B-VII Decay Data Library Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data.

Advertisements

Nuclear Reactions Fission and Fusion.

Nuclear Chemistry Fusion and Fission

Alpha decay parent nucleus daughter nucleus Momentum conservation decides how the energy is distributed. r E 30 MeV 5 MeV.

Nuclear Chemistry.

Lesson 8 Beta Decay. Beta-decay Beta decay is a term used to describe three types of decay in which a nuclear neutron (proton) changes into a nuclear.

Search for spontaneous muon emission from lead nuclei with OPERA bricks M. Giorgini, V. Popa Bologna Group OPERA Collaboration Meeting, LNGS, 19-22/05/2003.

Neutral Particles. Neutrons Neutrons are like neutral protons. –Mass is 1% larger –Interacts strongly Neutral charge complicates detection Neutron lifetime.

Lesson 8 Beta Decay. Beta -decay Beta decay is a term used to describe three types of decay in which a nuclear neutron (proton) changes into a nuclear.

XXIV WWND South Padre, TX, April 08 W. Bauer Slide 1 Double  Decays, DUSEL, and the Standard Model Wolfgang Bauer Michigan State University.

Recycling NuDat Programs A.A. Sonzogni, T.D. Johnson, E.A. McCutchan, National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Building 817 Upton, NY.

P461 - decays II1 Beta Decays Beta decays are proton -> neutrons or neutron -> proton transitions involve W exchange and are weak interaction the last.

A.Ereditato SS Elementarteilchenphysik Antonio Ereditato LHEP University of Bern Lesson on:Weak interaction (5) Exercises: beta decay, V-A structure.

Nuclear Physics E = mc 2. Outline Theory of Special Relativity Postulates E = mc 2 The Atom What makes up the atom? What holds the atom together? Quantum.

Several nomenclatures are important: ● Nuclide: is any particular atomic nucleus with a specific atomic number Z and mass number A, it is equivalently.

Several nomenclatures are important: ● Nuclide: is any particular atomic nucleus with a specific atomic number Z and mass number A, it is equivalently.

1Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Simulation of βn Emission From Fission Using Evaluated Nuclear Decay Data Ian Gauld Marco Pigni.

Boris Pritychenko Nuclear Physics Data Compilation for Nucleosynthesis Modeling, Trento, May 29 – June 1, 2007 MACS and Astrophysical Reaction Rates from.

Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly

1 TCP06 Parksville 8/5/06 Electron capture branching ratios for the nuclear matrix elements in double-beta decay using TITAN ◆ Nuclear matrix elements.

Lecture 15: Beta Decay 23/10/2003 Neutron beta decay: light particles or “leptons”, produced in association. Neutrino presence is crucial to explain.

Objectives To learn the types of radioactive decay

Nuclear Data and Applications

Nuclear Forensics: Neutron Activation & Radiography

NUCLEAR DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR DECAY HEAT CALCULATIONS DECAY DATA.

Beta Delayed Neutron Covariances Tim Johnson, Libby McCutchan, Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data Center.

Chapter 1 Structure of matter Chapter 2 Nuclear transformation

Nucleon: T = ½, m t =  ½. For a nucleus, by extension: m t = ½ (Z - N). If neutrons and protons are really “identical” as far as the strong interaction.

Using Reactor Anti-Neutrinos to Measure sin 2 2θ 13 Jonathan Link Columbia University Fermilab Long Range Planning Committee, Neutrino Session November.

Alejandro SonzogniNSDD 2007 Nuclear Wallet Cards and ENSDF compatibility Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Chapter 4. Power From Fission 1.Introduction 2.Characteristics of Fission 3. General Features 4. Commercial Reactors 5. Nuclear Reactor Safety 6. Nuclear.

1 Alpha Decay  Because the binding energy of the alpha particle is so large (28.3 MeV), it is often energetically favorable for a heavy nucleus to emit.

Nuclear Reactions E = mc2

Application Nuclear Data Needs

1-1 CHEM 312 Radiochemistry Lecture 1: Introduction Part 2 Readings: §Chart of the nuclides àClass handout §Table of the isotopes §Modern Nuclear Chemistry:

Beta decay studies using total absorption gamma spectroscopy technique A. Algora, M. Csatlós, L. Csige, J. Gulyás, M. Hunyadi, A. Krasznahorkay Institute.

Application of neutrino spectrometry

Basic Concepts of Nuclear Physics Part II By Benjamin Thayer PHY3091.

Alejandro SonzogniNSDD 2007 Decay Data Library In ENDF/B-VII Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory

NuDat 2.5 Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data Center

1-1 Lecture 1: RDCH 702 Introduction Class organization §Outcomes §Grading Chart of the nuclides §Description and use of chart §Data Radiochemistry introduction.

The Structure of the Atom Radioactivity. –Spontaneous emission of radiation by certain atoms –The structure of atomic nuclei and the changes they undergo.

Nuclear Reactions. Elementary Particles  The only atomic particles that play a part in nuclear reactions are the protons and the neutrons; electrons.

NE Introduction to Nuclear Science Spring 2012 Classroom Session 4: Radioactive Decay Types Radioactive Decay and Growth Isotopes and Decay Diagrams.

19 March 2009Thomas Mueller - Workshop AAP09 1 Spectral modeling of reactor antineutrino Thomas Mueller – CEA Saclay Irfu/SPhN.

Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics V.Varlamov, EMIN-2009 (21 – 26 September) 1 V.A. Chetvertkova, B.S. Ishkhanov,

TAGS data in ENDF/B-VII.1 and ENDF/B-VII.1.1 A.A. Sonzogni, T.D. Johnson, E.A. McCutchan, National Nuclear Data Center.

Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations

1 Segrè Lost … ! Nuclear Fission How much is recoverable? How much is recoverable? What about capture gammas? (produced by -1 neutrons) What about capture.

Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2003PHYS 5396, Spring 2003 Jae Yu 1 PHYS 5396 – Lecture #2 Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2003 Dr. Jae Yu 1.What is a neutrino? 2.History of neutrinos.

1 LTR 2004 Sudbury, December 2004 Helenia Menghetti, Marco Selvi Bologna University and INFN Large Volume Detector The Large Volume Detector (LVD)

Data Needs in Nuclear Astrophysics, Basel, June 23-25, 2006 Nuclear Astrophysics Resources of the National Nuclear Data Center B. Pritychenko*, M.W. Herman,

Further Types of Beta Decay. Beta Decay So far we have met β - decay. One example of this decay is the decay of the nuclide Remember that the decay is.

Solar Neutrinos By Wendi Wampler. What are Neutrinos? Neutrinos are chargeless, nearly massless particles Neutrinos are chargeless, nearly massless particles.

Section 19.1 Radioactivity TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY EQ.: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY AND HOW ARE THESE REPRESENTED IN A NUCLEAR.

Pavel Oblozinsky NSDD’07, St. Petersburg June 11-15, 2007 ENDF/B-VII.0 Library and Use of ENSDF Pavel Oblozinsky National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven.

ENSDF - NuDat Alejandro Sonzogni Needs and Links to ENSDF/NuDat Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY.

Ch. 28 Nuclear Chemistry C. Smith. I. Nuclear Radiation A. Radioactivity 1. Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes that have unstable nuclei. 2. They gain.

Fission By Tony Chitty. Fission Nuclear Fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus. Atomic bombs and nuclear reactors both perform nuclear fission.

Second Workshop on large TPC for low energy rare event detection, Paris, December 21 st, 2004.

NUCLEAR ENERGY. The daughter nuclei in the reaction above are highly unstable. They decay by beta emission until they reach stable nuclei.

 Alpha and gamma have very specific energies  Beta have a continuous distribution of energy  Must be some other particle taking away some of the.

Report (2) on JPARC/MLF-12B025 Gd(n,  ) experiment TIT, Jan.13, 2014 For MLF-12B025 Collaboration (Okayama and JAEA): Outline 1.Motivation.

Reactor anti-neutrinos and neutrinos

Simulation for DayaBay Detectors

Cumulated beta spectrum measurements of fission products

How precisely do we know the antineutrino source spectrum from a nuclear reactor? Klaus Schreckenbach (TU München) Klaus Schreckenbach.

Resonance Reactions HW 34 In the 19F(p,) reaction:

Nuclear Data for Reactor Fluxes

Presentation transcript:

Anti-neutrinos Spectra from Nuclear Reactors Alejandro Sonzogni National Nuclear Data Center

Anti-neutrinos #2 - Alejandro Sonzogni ENDF/B VII.1 Decay Data Sub-Library Most recent … Q values -- Audi 2011 mass update ENSDF data (when complete) else Wallet Cards (2011) Atomic data -- Evaluated Atomic Data Library (LLNL) – includes X-rays and Auger electrons TAGS data Electron conversion -- BrIcc Theoretical calculations for neutron-rich nuclei using beta-strength functions (Moller) and CGM (Kawano) More details in Nuclear Data Sheets 112, 2887 (2011).

ENDF VII.I Decay Data Sub Library A transformation of all relevant data into computer “friendly” files

What’s in there… Wallet Cards Theory (CGM) ENSDF New ENSDF 3817 “materials” g.s. and isomers

What’s it good for … Decay heat Antineutrino spectra Delayed nu-bars (reactor operation) Astrophysics ? ????

Antineutrino Experiments

Decay of fission fragments More than 800 nuclides produced in the fission of 235 U Antineutrino Spectrum: S (E) =  Y i x S i (E) Y i : cumulative fission yields S i (E): individual  spectrum

Anti-neutrinos #8 - Alejandro Sonzogni JiiJii Z,N Nucleus JkkJkk EkEk IkIk Z+1,N-1Nucleus  - decay from Level i to level k a: normalization, d: shape factor, F: Fermi function. The sum spectrum is obtained as: b: branching ratios All nuclear decay data from ENDF/B-VII.1 (December 2011)

Anti-neutrinos #9 - Alejandro Sonzogni Example, 137Cs

Anti-neutrinos #10 - Alejandro Sonzogni How to calculate anti-neutrino rates -- -- (n,  ) The nuclei in the core form a decay/processing network: Neglect processing as  n  << and consider an equilibrium situation: Then the anti-neutrino rate per fission is: Used by Vogel et al, 1981, ENDF/B-V We’ll repeat the calculations using the fission yields from ENDF/B-VII.1

Anti-neutrinos #11 - Alejandro Sonzogni 235 U at thermal energies

Detection through inverse  decay on proton Anti-neutrinos from reactors Reaction threshold : ~1.8 MeV Flux Principal Contributors 235 U, 238 U, 239 Pu, 241 Pu

Anti-neutrinos #13 - Alejandro Sonzogni NNDC calculations on the Daya signal shape

Anti-neutrinos #14 - Alejandro Sonzogni Nucleus% at 3 MeV 54-Xe Cs Y Zr Nb Nb Y Nb Nucleus% at 4 MeV 41-Nb Rb Y Te Y CS Y Xe Nucleus% at 5 MeV 37-Rb Y Nb Cs Cs Te Y Sr With TAGS: 140Cs. 96Y seems is good shape. We’ll look at some of the other nuclides and if available, compare it to Rudstam data. 235 U(thermal n,f) main contributors to anti- neutrino spectra

51(18) % a) 2000 ENSDF 95(5) % b) Update with new data g.s. One small nucleus, one big effect 92 Rb

Anti-neutrinos #16 - Alejandro Sonzogni Effects of Valencia TAGS data

Anti-neutrinos #17 - Alejandro Sonzogni Anti-neutrinos for Applied Purposes 235,238 U and 239 Pu produce a different signal, in shape, maxima and multiplicity

Anti-neutrinos #18 - Alejandro Sonzogni 100 Nb, CFY=5.89E-2,  CFY= % The GS to GS transition is not well determined. It could be up to 75%. BNL plans to submit a proposal to CARIBU. Would include other Nb nuclides

Anti-neutrinos #19 - Alejandro Sonzogni 142 Cs, CFY=2.71E-2,  CFY=2.803 %

Anti-neutrinos #20 - Alejandro Sonzogni 92 Rb, CFY=4.82E-2,  CFY=1.398 %

Anti-neutrinos #21 - Alejandro Sonzogni 92 Rb, comparison to Rudstam data

Anti-neutrinos #22 - Alejandro Sonzogni 92 Rb, comparison to Rudstam data

Anti-neutrinos #23 - Alejandro Sonzogni Summary The next generation of experiments using anti-neutrinos from nuclear reactors have just published their first results. More to come in the next few years. There is a close link between basic nuclear structure research and the calculation of anti-neutrino spectra.

Anti-neutrinos #24 - Alejandro Sonzogni Why nuclear reactors? Nearly 1,000 different fission fragments (materials) are produced in the fission of an actinide nuclide. Most of them are neutron rich, undergoing beta- minus decay: Nucleus(Z,A)  Nucleus(Z+1,A) + e- + anti-neutrino In an equilibrium situation, we obtain about 6 anti- neutrinos/second per fission, or ~10 20 anti-neutrinos per reactor. Anti-neutrinos interact through weak interaction, very small cross sections,  ~ 5x barns

Anti-neutrinos #25 - Alejandro Sonzogni Some history In  - decay, the electron energy is a continuum distribution linking two nuclear levels (quantum). Another particle must be involved n  p + e- + anti-neutrino (Fermi, 1934) First detection in 1956 by Cowan and Reines (LANL) using neutrinos from a nuclear reactor in SRS: anti-neutrino + p  n +e+ The positron created two 511 keV gammas and the neutron was captured in Cd, releasing a gamma cascade

Anti-neutrinos #26 - Alejandro Sonzogni More history In 1962, Leon Lederman and collaborators (BNL) discovered the muon neutrinos: Finally, in 1975 the Tau lepton and in 2000 the Tau neutrino were discovered. In the late 1960’s Ray Davies (BNL) measured the flux of neutrinos coming from the Sun, observing a deficit. Neutrino oscillations were formalized to explain this problem.

Anti-neutrinos #27 - Alejandro Sonzogni 239 Pu at thermal energies

Anti-neutrinos #28 - Alejandro Sonzogni 238 U at fast energies

Anti-neutrinos #29 - Alejandro Sonzogni 252 Cf spontaneous fission

Anti-neutrinos #30 - Alejandro Sonzogni 235 U  - spectra ratios The published ILL data is binned at 250 keV. Could we get the 50 keV data?

Anti-neutrinos #31 - Alejandro Sonzogni 239 Pu  - spectra ratios

Anti-neutrinos #32 - Alejandro Sonzogni 238 U  - spectra ratios

Anti-neutrinos #33 - Alejandro Sonzogni 252 Cf  - spectra ratios More theory needed, but better agreement with higher statistics, cleaner data

Anti-neutrinos #34 - Alejandro Sonzogni anti-neutrino + proton (water) positron + neutron Two 511 keV gammas Captured in Gd High energy gamma signal 3 near neutrino detectors and 3 far neutrino detectors

Anti-neutrinos #35 - Alejandro Sonzogni Anti-neutrino Signal Use the anti-neutrino capture on proton: Reaction has a 1.8 MeV threshold

Anti-neutrinos #36 - Alejandro Sonzogni Daya Bay Results

Anti-neutrinos #37 - Alejandro Sonzogni Some recent experiments Daya Bay Experiment in China, 6 nuclear power reactors. Ref: F.P. An et al, Physical Rev. Lett. 108, (2012)