The New York Times Thomas Bassett Andrea Marpillero-Colomina Mobility Networks in the Americas: Local Politics and Cultural Paradigms Tuesdays at APA - Chicago March 13, 2012

ECPA Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas

MOBILITY ISSUES IN THE AMERICAS rapid urbanization » no infrastructure planning no public investment in mobility infrastructure corruption The City Fix

METHODOLOGY in-depth interviews historical research examination of statistical data INTERVIEWS  planners government academics bus operators officials HISTORICAL RESEARCH  political urban transit socio-cultural DATA   population ridership impactsapproval INTERVIEWS  planners government academics bus operators officials HISTORICAL RESEARCH  political urban transit socio-cultural DATA   population ridership impactsapproval

Google images CURITIBA-1974 low-cost exclusive right-of-way prepaid fare coordinated entry/exit

Bogotá population ≈ 8 million vehicle trips per day - 10 million BOGOTA Population = 8 million 10 million vehicle trips per day 6 million of these on public transport ITDP

All photos: ITDP AFTER TRANSMILENIO BEFORE TRANSMILENIO

TRANSMILENIO two part system segregated trunk lines free feeder buses Phase I Phase II Feeder Routes Source: ITDP

FEEDER BUSES access to informal settlements poor road infrastructure smaller buses navigate easily ITDP

FINANCING government builds infrastructure operations privately contracted operational costs covered entirely by fare collection max 70% national government (World Bank Loan) 30%+ local government 50% Municipal gas tax trunk corridors stations pedestrian bridges public space main stations and depots control center

NEGOTIATIONS flotas fear revenue loss flota operators » bus drivers flotas remain primary mode

IMPROVEMENTS public parks libraries integrate with bike lane network private commercial development

BRT expanded to other large cities funding structure: - 70% national government - 30% local government EXPANSION

Megabús assumes 46% of transit demand PEREIRA Dosquebradas Cuba Pereira interchanges stations feeder bus trunk bus Megabus SA

Photos: Megabus SA IMPROVEMENTS design for 1 way streets sank utility lines run-off mitigation tie-in beautification

PEREIRA TERMINUS roof is public space community gathering spot supports local commerce encourages mobility

Mio assumes 94% of transit demand connection planned to cable car system CALI METROCALI, SA

Metroplus to assume 60% of transit demand (with metro) MEDELLÍN METROPLUS, SA

under construction Planned integration with Metro Evidence of resident displacement MEDELLÍN

metro metrocable PRE-EXISTING TRANSIT Metroplus, SA

tied with public amenities navigates steep terrain connectivity for poor communities METROCABLE

severe overcrowding higher bus frequency inhibited metro construction planned BACKLASH IN BOGOTA

NYC MTA “Select Bus Service” – 2008 pilot two phases currently operational partial implementation of BRT NEW YORK

bus lanes pre-payment stations branding bus priority passenger information FEATURES

Graphics: The New York Times 34 th Street  redesign demanded COMMUNITY OPPOSITION

NYC DOT 34 th Street  redesign demanded B44  rejected by community board COMMUNITY OPPOSITION

Our Town Streetsblog opposition enforcement clarity CHALLENGES Streetsblog

defensive preemptive PUBLICITY

population = 6 million military dictatorship until 1990 neoliberal development policies complex national government structure SANTIAGO, CHILE Roadlesstravelled.com

created to regulate buses, formalize system modeled after Transmilenio SANTIAGO Volvo - Chile Rebellioncorp

national initiative (Ministry of Transport) operated by privately contracted companies police enforcement STRUCTURE 1. National Ministry of Transport  stations, street infrastructure 2. privately contracted companies  own buses, organize / run routes 3. national police  enforce traffic laws 1. National Ministry of Transport  stations, street infrastructure 2. privately contracted companies  own buses, organize / run routes 3. national police  enforce traffic laws

no city government decentralized power competing / conflicting interests GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE Newworldencyclopedia.com

abrupt implementation no public outreach ROLL OUT

drivers given monthly salary integration with subway reduction in congestion improved over time TRANSANTIAGO Plataformaurbana.cl

All visuals in this presentation are the work of the presenters unless otherwise indicated. ITDP THANK YOU!