Ninth Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference – ATPC 2010, October 19-22, Beijing Specific Heat at the Nanoscale Thomas Prevenslik QED Radiations Discovery Bay, Hong Kong 1 Location 306A Board No. 001

Background Currently, specific heat is an intensive thermophysical property independent of quantity or size allowing macroscale data to be used at the nanoscale. Problem Quantum mechanics requires specific heat to vanish at the nanoscale Purpose Propose specific heat is an extensive thermophysical property of a substance depending on quantity or size that vanishes at the nanoscale Ninth Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference – ATPC 2010, October 19-22, Beijing 2

Conservation by QED Absorbed EM energy is conserved by creating QED photons inside the nanostructure - by frequency up or down - conversion to: TIR confinement frequency For a spherical NP having diameter D, QED photons have = 2D f = QED photon frequency E = Planck energy c = light speed n r = refractive index h = Planck’s constant 3

Ninth Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference – ATPC 2010, October 19-22, Beijing Instead, Q QED is prompt non-thermal emission. Q QED is not Stefan-Boltzmann – no high temperatures QED Heat Transfer Replace Fourier Equation by: E = Photon Planck Energy dN/dt = Photon Rate  4 No Heat Cap  T = 0

Ninth Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference – ATPC 2010, October 19-22, Beijing Results Quantum mechanics explains observations at nanoscale that cannot be explained by classical physics Molecular Dynamics Heat transfer simulations invalid for discrete nanostructures Nanofluids Excluding QED emission leads to unphysical results Big Bang Theory QED Redshift in cosmic dust means Universe is not expanding Thin Films (Including GRAPHENE) QED emission negates reduced conductivity by phonons 5

Ninth Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference – ATPC 2010, October 19-22, Beijing 20 min PPT Presentation , “Zero Specific Heat” 6