Week #9 (9/14-9/18) Warm Up – Mon, 9/14: - Special Chemicals of Life video clip Have out:  Chemistry of Life notes (Pg. 3)  Compounds foldable (Pg. 9) Agenda: 1.Acids & Bases lecture 2.Inorganic & Organic Compounds needed for life Homework: 1. Study for the Biochemistry Unit Test – Wed, 9/16 & Thurs, 9/17 Today’s Learning Targets: - Describe the difference between an organic & inorganic compound. - Identify & explain the molecular structure of the 4 macromolecules necessary for life. Biology Fun Fact : Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular structures that are required by all forms of life.

Solutions (solute + water) can be determined to be either an acid or a base. Here how it works… A few (1 in 550 million) water molecules spontaneously split into ions. ◦Pure water has equal amounts of H+ & OH- ions. This is considered neutral. ◦Acids have higher amounts of H+ ions. (#26) ◦Bases have higher amounts of OH- ions. (#27) pH measures the concentration of hydrogen (H) ions in a solution. ◦Lower pH means a higher concentration of H+ ions (#28) Acids & Bases Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet The pH of Nature video clip

The pH scale is used to measure the relative acidity or alkalinity of solutions. (#28) ◦7 (middle of the scale) is considered neutral. ◦Anything approaching zero (0-6.9) is more acidic. ◦Anything approaching 14 (7.1-14) is more basic or alkaline. Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet What is pH? (#29)

“pH” stands for the potential/power of Hydrogen. pH is a logarithmic scale, meaning that an change of 1 pH is actually a tenfold increase or decrease in the H+ concentration of the solution. (#30) ◦Beer is 10 times (10 1 ) more acidic than tomatoes. ◦Stomach acid is 1000 (10 3 ) more acidic than tomatoes. Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet What is pH?

pH & Homeostasis Blood requires a pH of ◦Acidic, basic or neutral? Sweat has a pH between ◦Acidic, basic or neutral? Saliva pH is normally around 6.0. ◦Acidic, basic or neutral? Blood & other body fluids contain buffers, which can “absorb” increases on H+ (acid) or OH- (base) ions. ◦This keeps blood pH within a narrow range, no matter how acidic or alkaline your diet is. Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet

Levels of Organization of Life Organism (You & me) Tissue (Muscle) Cell (Nerve Cell) Organelle (Nucleus) Molecule & Compounds (Amino Acid)

The Special Chemicals of Life video clip As you watch the following video, listen for the necessary chemicals “for life” to exist on Earth. Write down these chemicals in your Warm-up box for TODAY! Special Chemicals of Life (2 mins)

Week #9 (9/14-9/18) Warm Up – Tues, 9/15: - Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test Re-visit Have out:  Compounds foldable Pick up:  Glue stick & scissors  Organic Molecules Concept Map/Review (Pg. 10) Agenda: 1.Finish Organic v. Inorganic notes – foldable 2.Review for Biochemistry Unit Exam - Organic Molecules Review wkst/Concept Map Homework: 1.Study for the Biochemistry Unit Test – Wed, 9/16 & Thurs, 9/17 - Complete your OM Concept Map/Review! Today’s Learning Target: - Review all Objectives of the Biochemistry Unit Biology Fun Fact : Biochemistry plays an important role in forensic science, allowing investigators to seek out criminals based on DNA evidence. The first person convicted of a crime through DNA evidence took place in 1988; his name was Colin Pitchfork, a convicted rapist & murderer. Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular structures that are required by all forms of life.

Organic compounds – compounds with a Carbon- based core that are produced by living organisms (plants or animals) Usually contain hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O) & nitrogen (N) together in large molecules called macromolecules Cells (life) are made of these compounds Carbon atoms enable these compounds to bond over & over in long durable chains ◦ Examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Organic vs. Inorganic COMPOUNDS Pg. 9 – Compounds Foldable Per.4

Inorganic Compounds – compounds that do NOT contain carbon (C) & hydrogen (H) together Examples: water (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), salts (NaCl) Organic vs. Inorganic COMPOUNDS Pg. 9 – Compounds Foldable

CARBOHYDRATES Includes: sugars, starches & cellulose ◦Classified according to size ◦Monosaccharides—simple sugars ◦Ie., fruits (fructose) ◦Plants produce it during photosynthesis ◦Main source of energy for animals Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable Per. 1

CARBOHYDRATES Includes: sugars, starches & cellulose ◦Classified according to size ◦Disaccharides—2 simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis (loss of water molecule) ◦I.e., Table sugar (sucrose = glucose + fructose) Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable

CARBOHYDRATES Includes: sugars, starches & cellulose ◦Classified according to size ◦Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of many linked simple sugars (complex carbohydrates) ◦I.e, Potatoes & grains (starch) ◦Plants maintain their physical structures (cell walls) with the help of cellulose ◦Animals store energy in the form of glycogen or animal starch Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable

LIPIDS Include: fats, waxes, steroids & phospholipids Cells use lipids to build membranes & protective layers, to store energy & to communicate among different parts of cell Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable

LIPIDS Phospholipids: specific type of lipid Head of the molecule is “polar” & is hydrophilic (water-loving) Tail of the molecule is “non- polar” & is hydrophobic (water-fearing) This combination is crucial (VITAL, NECESSARY, CRITICAL, WITHOUT IT YOU ARE DEAD) to cell function!!! Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable Per.3, 4

NUCLEIC ACIDS Contain all instructions for growth, repair & replication of cells ◦Provide “blueprint for life” Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable

Week #9 (9/14-9/18) Warm Up – Wed, 9/16 & Thurs, 9/17: - Compounds Concept Map (Pg. 11) Have out:  Your Science Ntbks (they will be graded this hour) Pick up:  Compounds Concept Map (Pg. 11)  Glue stick & scissors  Biochemistry Exam Answer Sheet (Pg. 12) Agenda: 1.Finish Organic Compounds foldable 2.Biochemistry Unit Exam 3.Begin Cell Unit with Cell Unit Pre-Test (if time) Homework: None Today’s Learning Target: - Exhibit mastery of all Objectives of the Biochemistry Unit on the Exam Biology Fun Fact : Although there are 92 naturally occurring elements, only about 24 of them are necessary to living things. Most of the rare or non-naturally occurring elements are obviously not important to biological life. Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular structures that are required by all forms of life.

NUCLEIC ACIDS Types: ◦Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ◦Ribonucleic acid (RNA) ◦Composed of Nucleotide bases A = AdenineU = Uracil G = Guanine (only found in RNA) C = Cytosine T = Thymine ◦DNA & RNA work together to make proteins Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable Per. 1

PROTEINS Extremely long folded molecules built out of units called amino acids linked together by peptide bonds Provides structure for cells & tissues (like muscles) Human body has about 2,000 different types of proteins ◦All are built from combinations of 20 amino acids Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable

PROTEINS Types of Proteins: ◦Enzymes: a catalyst, speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed ◦Collagen: found in cartilage, bones & tendons ◦Keratin: found in hair & nails AND THESE ARE JUST 3 EXAMPLES OF THE OVER 2,000!!!! Did you know? Sickle cell anemia (blood disorder) & several cancers result from a single change in the amino acid sequence of proteins! Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable

Find some with the SAME COLOR OUTFIT as you today! Take with you your Compounds foldable, your Biochemistry Concept Map & a writing device! Using the notes in your Compounds foldable, complete the Compounds Concept Map. Be prepared to share your Answers! Pg. 11 – Compounds Concept Map Concept Map

Biochemistry Unit Learning Goal & Scales Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular structures that are required by all forms of life. ◦Students will be able to: ◦Identify the nine basic levels of organization of life. ◦Describe the difference between matter & energy. ◦Identify the three subatomic particles of an atom & their corresponding electrical charges. ◦Describe the basic difference between ionic, covalent & hydrogen bonds. ◦Describe the difference between an organic & inorganic compound. ◦Identify & explain the molecular structure of the four macromolecules necessary for life. Pg. 1 – Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test

Re-read through each Unit Objectives If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/EXPLAIN AN EXAMPLE for that objective, draw a blue SMILEY FACE (4) in that square. If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a green CHECK MARK (3) in that square. ◦GO! ‘cause you KNOW! If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a yellow STAR (2) in that square. ◦HAULT or WAIT…not sure! If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put a red QUESTION MARK (1,0) in that square. ◦STOP! I have no idea! Pg. 1 – Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test & Study Guide

Find some with the SAME COLOR EYES as you today! Take with you your Compounds foldable, your Biochemistry Concept Map/Review & a writing device! Using the notes in your Compounds foldable, complete the Biochemistry Concept Map/Review. Be prepared to share your Answers! Pg. 10 – Biochemistry Concept Map/Review Concept Map & Review

Have out your Biochemistry Concept Map. ◦Let’s have a look at the correct answers to complete the flow-chart. You may use your Science Ntbk as a resource while you test for the first 10 mins of testing time. After 10 mins, you will turn in your Science Ntbk to be GRADED at Lab 4. NO TALKING! Talking = Cheating = “0” When finished with your Exam, turn in your Answer Sheet & Exam at the FRONT teacher station. ◦Pick up/get out… ◦a new Section Divider for your Sci. Ntbk & label it “The Cell Unit”, ◦The Cell Unit Pre-Test – Pg. 1 (read the Objectives & rate yourself) & ◦4 crayons Pg. 12 – Biochemistry Unit Exam Unit Exam

Levels of Organization of Life Organism (You & me) Tissue (Muscle) Cell (Nerve Cell) Organelle (Nucleus) Molecule & Compounds (Amino Acid)

How do Biochemists ACTUALLY know… that there are molecules, compounds & macromolecules that make up a cell’s structures (organelles)? Can they see these structures?

Cell Structure & Function Unit Learning Goal & Scales Learning Goal: I will understand the basic components of the cell & how they function. ◦Identify various characteristics that set living organisms apart from non-living matter. ◦Correctly label the parts of a microscope. ◦Describe the function of each microscope part & correctly use each part for its appropriate purpose. ◦Distinguish between a prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell. ◦Distinguish between a plant & animal cell. ◦Identify the major cell organelles that allow for a cell to function properly. ◦Describe the function of each major cell organelle. ◦Describe the structure & function of the phospholipid bilayer of a cell. ◦Distinguish between the cell membrane transport mechanisms of osmosis & diffusion. ◦Distinguish between passive & active forms of cell transport. ◦Describe what an isotonic, hypotonic & hypertonic solution is. & what will happen to a cell is each kind of solution. ◦Logically justify what will happen to a cell is each kind of solution. Pg. 1 – “The Cell Unit Pre-Test”

Cell Structure & Function Unit Pre-Test (& Study Guide) Read through each Unit Objectives If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/EXPLAIN AN EXAMPLE for that objective, draw a blue SMILEY FACE (4) in that square. If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a green CHECK MARK (3) in that square. ◦GO! ‘cause you KNOW! If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a yellow STAR (2) in that square. ◦HAULT or WAIT…not sure! If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put a red QUESTION MARK (1,0) in that square. ◦STOP! I have no idea! Pg. 1 – “The Cell Unit Pre-Test”

Week #9 (9/14-9/18) Warm Up – Fri, 9/18: - The Martian & the Car Have out:  Your Science Ntbk Pick up:  The Martian & the Car (Pg. 2)  Getting to Know the Microscope wkst (Pg. 3) Agenda: 1.Getting to Know the Microscope wkst Homework: 1. Complete Getting to Know the Microscope wkst (if needed) – Mon, 9/21 Today’s Learning Targets: - Identify various characteristics that set living organisms apart from non-living matter. - Correctly label the parts of a microscope. - Describe the function of each microscope part & correctly use each part for its appropriate purpose. Biology Fun Fact : Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the basic components of the cell & how they function. Moths taste with their feet. Atlas moth is the largest Lepidoptera in the world with 65 in 2 wingspan.

The Martian & the Car Let’s read through the scenario together. Now put yourself in 2 different sets of shoes: ◦Prosecutor (LEFT SIDE OF CLASS – near the FRONT door) ◦Marvin the Martian has NOT found “life” (the car) ◦Defense Attorney (RIGHT SIDE OF CLASS – near the SIDE door) ◦Marvin the Martian HAS found “life” (the car) Be prepared to discuss/debate your ideas next class! Pg. 2 - Martian & the Car

Complete your “Getting to Know the Microscope” wkst (Pg. 3) using the colored pencils/markers. Microscope Quiz – Fri, 9/ Be able to identify & name the parts of a microscope CORRECTLY (spelling is important!) - Be able to describe what each part does for seeing a specimen under the microscope Pg. 3 - “Getting to Know the Microscope” wkst