Values, Experiences and Attitudes: A Cross-National Analysis of Opinions on Immigration in Europe David Card, Christian Dustmann and Ian Preston.

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Presentation transcript:

Values, Experiences and Attitudes: A Cross-National Analysis of Opinions on Immigration in Europe David Card, Christian Dustmann and Ian Preston

Structure of Talk Simple Illustration of some key questions regarding immigration, immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers Relate responses to macro-economic indicators of response countries Relate responses on immigration to some key individual characteristics Present partial correlation coefficients relating responses to individuals’ opinion

Module on Immigrants and Refugee Applicants Module: developed by Bauer, Card, Dustmann, Nazroo, and Preston, in co-operation with ESS. Includes about 40 questions on Immigrants, refugee applicants, and minorities Questions about: i) Perceived and desired numbers, ii) Believes on impact, iii) immigration criteria, iv) Tolerance and interaction

Immigrants as percentage of population

Foreign Population: Fact and Opinion

Support for Liberal Immigration Policy: Same / Different Ethnicity than Majority Population

Qualification for Immigrants: Education, wealth and work skills needed

Qualification for Immigrants: Language, family links and commitment to way of life

Immigrants: Job creation and beneficial for the economy

Immigrants: Same traditions and Language

Refugee applicants: Are claims true, and should they be detained?

Immigration and emigration – Comparison with EC

Refugee applicants: financial support and work permits

Responses and Macro-Economic Indicators This section relates particular aspects of attitudes to economic indicators in the various countries Macro-information is drawn from The World Bank and from the OECD Macro-data refer to 2001 in most cases

Opinion on further immigration and stock of foreign born population

Opinion on further immigration and unemployment rate

Opinion on further immigration and GDP

Economic Benefits of Immigration and GDP

Opinion on Immigration and Individual Characteristics Are there systematic differences in the way individuals’ opinion towards further immigration varies with observed characteristics? How are individuals’ opinion towards further immigration related to their concerns about the economy/crime/welfare and fears of cultural alienation?

Opinion towards further immigration, by age and education

Opinion towards further immigration, by education and political opinion

Regressions All regressions include country dummies, age dummies, education dummies, and a variable for gender

Dependent Variable: Allow many/few immigrants country's cultural life enriched (12.44)** immigrants make country better place0.029 (17.03)** immigrants make country's crime problems better0.017 (11.44)** immigrants create new jobs0.001 (1.07) Immigration: good for economy0.039 (24.84)** taxes and services: immigrants take out less0.011 (7.75)**

Dependent Variable: Allow many/few immigrants TV watching (total average time) (6.24)** TV watching, news/ politics 0.036(3.94)** Newspaper read. (tot. aver. time) (4.57)** Newspaper read. (politics) 0.13(8.01)**

Dependent Variable: Allow many/few immigrants Most people can be trusted 0.107(15.79)** Most people try to be fair 0.040(5.74)**

Future Work Characterize in more depth differences in attitudes towards immigrants, minorities, and refugees in different countries in the European area, as well as the US, Australia, and Canada Develop and evaluate alternative hypotheses about the sources of these differences. Develop an overarching model of attitudinal responses that recognizes the intertemporal and dynastic dimension of opinion formation. Analyse the way opinion formation interacts with the economic and political process.