IMPERIALISM IN CHINA Interpret the political cartoon. 1. Who is involved? 2. What are they doing? 3. How does the cartoon make them appear?

Important Terms unfavorable balance of trade : importing more than exporting – example: Great Britain imported more tea, spices, silk & porcelain from China than they exported cotton & textiles to China…so Great Britain had to pay the rest of their bill in silver & gold extraterritoriality : foreigners do not have to follow the laws of the country in which they live…if get in trouble, they are sent to their home country for trial – example: a British person living in China would not be tried in China for stealing…instead, they were sent back to be tried in British courts sphere of influences : areas where imperialist countries had exclusive trading rights – example: Great Britain in Shanghai, Nanjing & Hong Kong Open Door Policy : all countries had equal access to trade in China – example: all states have the same opportunities in Shanghai & Nanjing struggle between Westernization & modernization : struggle to keep traditional cultures, beliefs & worldviews…yet also, move forward industrially, in order, to be able to compete with imperialistic states

Spheres of Influence

Opium War -ended with Treaty of Nanjing -China opened 5 more ports for trade with GB, paid costs of war, gave Hong Kong to GB & agreed to extraterritoriality Tai Ping Rebellion -peasant revolt led by Hong Xi -believed himself to be younger brother of Jesus & he had God- given vision to destroy Qing Dynasty -social reforms like land to peasants & women equal to men - Europeans sided with Qing & defeated rebellion -very bloody: over 20 million died 1860 GB & Fr. seized Beijing -Treaty of Tianjin -legal opium trade -China opened more ports for trade 1870 s rise of Warlords -weakened Qing begins -policy of “self strengthening” -keeping Confucian values -but adopting Western technology European states creating Spheres of Influence -Tibet gained freedom b/c Russia & GB fighting over controlling it rapid population growth famine, corruption & economic troubles 1894 Sino-Japanese War -Korea & Taiwan to Japan 1898 Emperor Guang Xu -100 Days of Reform -Western style schools, banks, etc. -Empress Dowager CiXi opposed -CiXi gained control & took Guang Xu captive 1899 John Hay (USA) Open Door Policy 1900 Boxer Rebellion “Society of Harmonious Fist” hated foreigners & Chinese converts to Christianity (sell-outs) -defeated by combined foreign armies -CiXi finally gave in to appearance of reforms (elections set for 1910) 1908 Guang Xu died -CiXi died next day -Qing dynasty fell apart 1911 Revolution Sun Yat-sen setup Nationalist Party 3 main ideas: 1) military take over 2) transitional phase to prepare people for democracy 3) constitutional democracy after Rev. of 1911, China in chaos -Sun Yat-sen fled to Japan

Opium Wars

Taiping Rebellion

Open Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion

Sun Yat-sen & Revolution of 1911

Imperialism in Japan

Commodore Matthew C. Perry came with warships to open Japan to Western trade Japanese Society: community hierarchy 3 obedience: -child to father -wife to husband -widow to son 1863 alliance of Samurai forced government to end relations with the West 1868 Meiji Restoration Mutsuhito (new ruler) wanted to modernize Japan to compete in world trade & politics…sent delegations to study Great Britain, United States, France & Germany -moved capital to Tokyo (Edo) 1871 new military 1870s-80s battle for political control between liberals (parliament holds supreme power) & progressives (power shared by emperor & parliament) -women allowed to work outside home -Western music, art & fashion

Tokyo School of Fine Arts: merge Japanese & Western art 1880s-90s tensions with China & Russia over Korea 1890 Meiji Constitution -based on Imperial Germany -chief executive holds power -Emperor figure, but Prime Minister had the real power…democratic government in form, authoritarian in practice…with only male voters Economic reform: -peasants given land, but paid taxes -if could not pay taxes, land was sold -by 1900, 40% tenant farmers -government subsidies to needy industries -improved transportation & communication -new educational system: built around American educational system, with loyalties to Emperor Goal: wealthy country & strong state growing distrust between Japan & USA 1904 Russo-Japanese War Japan defeated Russia, in a war that showed Japan as true world power, not just in Asia 1910 Japan annexed Korea 1915

Japan & China: Venn Diagram China Both Japan

HOMEWORK: Imperialism in Asia Title of visual: Imperialism in China & Japan Create a visual showing the major events & the parties involved with the imperialism of China OR Japan.