Remote Sensing Refinery Pollutants Alex Cuclis Houston Advanced Research Center Eyes in the Sky II Workshop June 24, 2010.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

What Wavelength Was That?

Advertisements

ESTO Advanced Component Technology 11/17/03 Laser Sounder for Remotely Measuring Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations GSFC CO 2 Science and Sounder.

USEPA Petroleum Refinery Enforcement Emerging Issues February 22, 2011.

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Differential Absorbtion Lidar (DIAL) Project Summer 2007 Texas City, Texas.

7. Radar Meteorology References Battan (1973) Atlas (1989)

Light Waves Electromagnetic waves that radiate Made of small pieces or particles of “light” energy called photons The more particles you put in front.

Chapter 17 Air resources The atmosphere layer is very thin compared to the size of the Earth.

Chapter 12: Air Pollution A brief history of air pollution A brief history of air pollution Types and sources of air pollutants Types and sources of air.

Lecture 12 Content LIDAR 4/15/2017 GEM 3366.

Jim Holt Pollution Control Section Shelby County Health Department (SCHD) Dr. Hunter Daughtrey, Herb Jacumin, and Karen Oliver, Alion Science and Technology.

City of Houston Study of the Accuracy of Emission Factors and Emission Estimating Methods Using the DIAL System Summary Results 2011 NAQC - 03/10/2011.

Satellites and Radar – A primer ATMO 203. Satellites Two main types of satellite orbits – Geostationary Earth Orbiting Satellite is 35,786 km (22,236.

Lesson 7: Remote Sensing Dr Andrew Ketsdever MAE 5595.

Active Microwave and LIDAR. Three models for remote sensing 1. Passive-Reflective: Sensors that rely on EM energy emitted by the sun to illuminate the.

Albedo Its effects on global warming in Polar Regions STEM Polar Connections.

Gas Analyzer Theory of Operation

Emerging Technology Optical Imaging Leak Detection

Aim: How is the earth's atmosphere similar to a greenhouse?

· Are human activities responsible for the warming? Separating out the impact of human activity from natural climate variation is extremely difficult.

Air Quality and Climate Change. Coal and Oil Formation Both are Fossil Fuels: remains of plants and animals that died anywhere from 400 million to 1 million.

Essential Questions What are some of the different types of remote sensing? How are satellites and sonar used to map Earth’s surface and its oceans? What.

Section 2.3 Remote Sensing

Chapter 7 Light.

Earth’s Atmosphere Why is it so important to life on Earth?

Sponsors: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS)

Electromagnetic Radiation. Is light a wave or a particle? Yes It’s both, and neither At atomic scales, we have no exact analogs for phenomena For some.

LIDAR LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, also LADAR) is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to, or other properties of,

Maps are flat models of 3-D objects. All flat maps distort the shapes and areas of land masses to some extent. We will talk about 4 types of maps: Mercator.

Radiation in the Atmosphere (Cont.). Cloud Effects (2) Cloud effects – occur only when clouds are present. (a) Absorption of the radiant energy by the.

1© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. Reflection of water waves Application of reflection Application of reflection 9.2 Reflection Phase change on reflection.

Active Microwave and LIDAR. Three models for remote sensing 1. Passive-Reflective: Sensors that rely on EM energy emitted by the sun to illuminate the.

Laser Methane Copter.

B.-M. Sinnhuber, Remote Sensing I, University of Bremen, Summer 2007 Remote Sensing I Active Remote Sensing Summer 2007 Björn-Martin Sinnhuber Room NW1.

SCM 330 Ocean Discovery through Technology Area F GE.

remote sensing electromagnetic spectrum frequency Landsat satellite Objectives Compare and contrast the different forms of radiation in the electromagnetic.

Electromagnetic Radiation Most remotely sensed data is derived from Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR). This includes: Visible light Infrared light (heat)

Károly Róbert College The GREEN College. Remote sensing applications in disaster management Tibor Bíró dean Károly Róbert College Faculty of Natural Resources.

Ch Solar Energy and the Atmosphere

The Atmosphere.

Fig. 3 Wind measurements experimental setup Lidar (light detection and ranging) operates using the same concept of microwave RADAR, but it employs a lot.

Field Methods of Monitoring Atmospheric Systems Remote Sensing Copyright © 2006 by DBS.

Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging Recent Experiences in Emissions Measurement Cary Secrest, US EPA Office of Civil Enforcement Air Enforcement.

Observations of aerosol concentration, properties and chemical composition Sandro Fuzzi Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research.

LIDAR LIght Detection And Ranging What can you measure with LIDAR? distance speed rotation chemical composition and concentration of a remote target, which.

Catalytic Converters catalytic-converter-video.htm AIR POLLUTION REVIEW…

IR Camera (HAWK/GasFindIR) VOC leaks appear as dark clouds (colors can be reversed). The IR Camera is an excellent and relatively inexpensive tool for.

LIDAR Atmospheric Remote Sensing Junior Nkrumah Prof. Ben Herman Dept. of Engineering, CCNY Abstract Experimental setup Procedure Materials Results Discussion.

Within dr, L changes (dL) from… sources due to scattering & emission losses due to scattering & absorption Spectral Radiance, L(, ,  ) - W m -2 sr -1.

Light Detection and Ranging(LIDAR) BY: SONU SANGAM USN-1C07EC096 BRANCH-ECE SEM -VIII.

Beam It Up! Sensing From a Distance Using Electromagnetic and Acoustic Energy Pulses.

Active Remote Sensing for Elevation Mapping

UNIT 2 – MODULE 7: Microwave & LIDAR Sensing. MICROWAVES & RADIO WAVES In this section, it is important to understand that radio waves and microwaves.

SCM x330 Ocean Discovery through Technology Area F GE.

SATELLITE AND SENSORS.  Satellite Characteristics Satellite Power sources Satellite Orientation Orbits and Swaths  Sensors Active Sensors Passive Sensors.

Introduction of Laser Evaluating Technology to Street Leak Surveys Ashraf Salha APA Group Gas Speak Colloquium September 2015.

Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division Photo image area measures.

Mapping the Future of Autonomous Vehicles. What do these autonomous vehicles have in common?

Passive Microwave Remote Sensing

Electromagnetic Radiation

Remote Sensing learning about the world from a distance.

Last page of mapping notes

Section 3: Remote Sensing

Shell Center for Sustainable Development Seminar

GAJENDRA KUMAR EC 3rd YR. ROLL NO

PURPOSE OF AIR QUALITY MODELING Policy Analysis

Weather Instruments.

Detection of anthropogenic formaldehyde over North America by oversampling of OMI data: Implications for TEMPO Lei Zhu and Daniel J. Jacob.

Journal #25 What is a greenhouse? What is the greenhouse effect?

Spectroscopy Uses emission and absorption of light by electrons moving between ground and excited state configuration, hence electronic configuration.

Presentation transcript:

Remote Sensing Refinery Pollutants Alex Cuclis Houston Advanced Research Center Eyes in the Sky II Workshop June 24, 2010

TexAQS 2000 A comprehensive Air Quality Study in the Houston Area Over $20 million was spent. More than 200 scientists were involved. Main Finding: Emissions of Highly Reactive Volatile Organic Compounds (HRVOCs) were substantially higher than expected.

Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) Houston Area Ozone Plume Airborne DIAL By NOAA Height in meters

Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) Ozone on the Texas Coast

Air Quality Studies – TexAQS Reported 0 Measured HRVOC Emissions HRVOC Emissions dropped 40% between 2000 and In 2006 HRVOCs were still times higher than reported in HRVOCs = Highly Reactive Volatile Organic Compounds

Petrochemical Emissions Emissions include nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) which in the presence of sunlight form ozone. NOx appears anywhere there is a flame, and most can be measured from stacks with continuous analyzers. VOCs can literally come from millions of places in a plant and are not easily measured.

Petrochemical Emissions VOCs leaks are measured with hand-held analyzers that are typically calibrated with propone and use a flame ionization detector (FID).

Remote Sensing Tools Can Find and Reduce Emissions Future DIAL SOF Hawk

Remote Sensing: Old School Can count the number of molecules, but cannot calculate the concentration. Must be mounted in a specific location, typically ground level. Light Source Reflector

IR Camera (LSI or FLIR) Some companies report that they saved over $1 million/year by finding and fixing a single leak!

IR Camera (HAWK) Different Barge with IR Camera Barge with naked eye Barge with IR Camera

Detection By Reflection MethodMediumMeasures SONAR Sound Often Under Water Location, Speed RADAR Radio Waves High Energy EM Location, Speed LIDAR Light Waves Single Wavelength Wind Speed, Surveys DIAL Light Waves Dual Wavelength Concentration, Composition, Location, Flux Light Detection And Ranging DIfferential Absorption LIDAR Radio Detection And Ranging Sound Navigation And Ranging

Part 3

DIAL History 1.BP – Spectrasyne – Present 3.NPL – Present 4.Shell Global Solutions – Sweden 6. API/CONCAWE 7. Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) 8. Canada 9. U.S.

Lasers send dual-wavelength pulses towards a gaseous plume. Back-scattered light returns to a detector assembly. By Spectrasyne Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL)

By Spectrasyne

Solar Occultation Flux (SOF)

FTIR Sun Tracker Sunlight is the light source for the FTIR mounted inside the van. Solar Occultation Flux (SOF)

SOF Measurements at the Houston Ship Channel Solar Occultation Flux (SOF)

Radial Plume Mapping (RPM) Real-Time Software Like a CAT scan of the atmosphere.

ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES QuantificationVery Expensive SpeciationAnalysis Takes Time ComprehensiveComplex Concentration PlaneRequires Expertise No Thermal Gradient NeededDifficult to Set up Technology Comparison DIAL vs HAWK

ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES InexpensiveRequires Sunlight Relatively Easy Set-upDaytime Bias Obtains Full IR SpectrumNo Spatial Mapping Requires Less TimeSingle Vendor Similar Results to DIALLess History Available Technology Comparison SOF vs DIAL

Refinery Emissions Some refineries lose 2 or 3 wine glasses per barrel. The average refinery in Houston reports losing about 1 tablespoon of oil per barrel to air emissions. Of the 2.3 million barrels of oil processed each day in the Houston area, refineries report emissions of 250 barrels per day. Measurements at other refineries suggest that it could be closer to 2500 barrels per day. suggest that refineries in other locations emit about 1 wine glass (4 ounces) of oil per barrel. A variety of measuring techniques

Flares?

Tanks -Seals, Landings, “Splatterings”, Fittings Flares -Minimization, Steam/Air Assist, Flow, Wind Delayed Cokers -De-heading, Drilling, Fugitives (Alberta and the 2 ½ times factor) Water Treatment -Recovery, Aeration, Mixing Emission Sources

Refinery Cokers Coke drums can be ft tall and up to 27 ft in diameter. Drilling derricks on top of the coke drums contain water jets that are used to cut the solid coke out of the drum.