Focus Question How did the North and South differ during the first half of 1800s? The availability of capital, labor, and energy allowed the North to develop various industries. The South became the center of agriculture

Why Industrialization Spread Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 cut off access to Britain manufactured goods American Industrialization begins- Lowell and Slater Britain gets back into the GAME! –Threatens US Jobs and industry (made cheaper) Tariff of 1816: on import goods. Increased price by 20-25% T

Farming in the Old Northwest Population growth and improvements in food production through agricultural science were factors in American growth Capital investments (MONEY)

Industries of the Northeast Shift from rural (farms) to urban (cities) Industrialization increased rapidly in the North East Commercial centers Mill Towns Transportation hubs

Industries of the Northeast Hire young women to run the spinning and weaving machines Willing to work for less Machines changed workers’ lives by dividing labor into many small tasks

Industries of the Northeast Northern industrialists favor protective tariffs raised So that more people would buy American goods

The Growth of the Cities The number of urban poor increased Many people lived Over crowded apartments with poor sanitation, safety and comfort

The Growth of the Cities Cities could not handle the population increase Limited police and fire No sewage system No fresh water Five Points area in Lower Manhattan Named for the points created by the intersection of Park, Worth, and Baxter streets

Workers Organize Early industries want to make a profit as the expense of the workers No minimum wage Long hours with little pay

Workers Organize From 1834 through 1836 more than 150 strikes took place in the US Lowell Girls The National Trades Union Formed to protect the interest on its workers by negotiating to resolve issues concerning wages

A Middle Class Emerges Industrialization in the North caused a middle class to emerge Most middle class worked in offices outside of their homes Lawyers, Accountants, Bankers…etc.

Emigration from Ireland and Germany In the mid-1800s, immigrants primarily came from Ireland and Germany Political issues Hunger – lack of food Economic depression

Daily Quiz

What helped the North industrialize? More workers

The mills in the Northeast hired mostly young single women

In the early 1800s, the populations of cities in the Northeast increased sharply New York City (900,000)

The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked by having them use machines to do jobs previously done by hand.

Emigration From 1830-1860’s immigration rose steadily each decade. Mostly From Ireland and Germany (6,000,000) Tended to be Catholic & Jewish Tended to move to urban settings 1860 40% of NYC were immigrants

Irish 1 million died in Ireland due to starvation Fungus grew on potato crop causing famine Catholic Large movement to Australia as well Competed for manual labor

Germans Political upheaval due to revolution Mostly Jewish A small minority did have a trade and set up shops Moved to Midwest due to comepetion for jobs. Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnati, & Cleveland

Result of Emigration Social & Political strain Classicism begins *ghetto’s begin Very few went to South Religious resentment by (original protestant settlers) Political upheaval-Whig Party set up “Nativists- laws to discourage immigration and deny rights.

The Southern Section

The Southern Section In 1860 the American South, if independent, would have been one of the wealthiest countries in the world based on the revenue of the cotton trade (Cotton Gin) Cotton cultivation and its expansion depended on technological developments, land, labor, demand, and global system of trade

The Economy of the South Southern States became known as the cotton belt Economies of these states relied almost completely on the production of cotton became too dependent on one crop, limiting development

The Economy of the South South remained mostly rural The geographical location of the South made farming successful Fertile soil and plentiful rain

The Economy of the South Plantations used slave labor to produce cash crop Invention of the cotton gin allowed for the increase production of cotton

The Economy of the South Virginia and North Carolina continued to grow tobacco South Carolina – Sugar and rice Kentucky – developed a rural economy which included breeding thoroughbred horses

The Slavery System 1804 Northern state either banned or passed laws to gradually end slavery South – increase in slavery 1820 slave population number 1.5 million Price of slaves tripled from 1802 to 1860 ($600 to $1500 ea.)

The Southern Slavery System Most owners saw slaves as property that performed labor in their business Work gangs of 20 to 25 slaves labored under the whip of a “slave driver” A normal slave was expected to pick 130 to 150 pounds of cotton a day

Daily Quiz

The South remained agricultural largely because its physical geography made farming highly profitable

A typical slave owner might have described his slaves as property

The economies of Virginia and North Carolina differed from those of most of the South because they depended on tobacco

In-Class Activity Read pages 236 - 238 Section bookwork. On back of hand-out Create a Flow Chart or Tee Chart to illustrate the differences between the North and South regions

Northern Factory vs. Southern Plantation One of the significant differences between the north and south in the years before the Civil war was their economies. Factory system – mass production Southern Plantation – slave labor