CHAPTER 17 MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SPAIN,PORTUGAL, ITALY AND GREECE

SECTION 1: SPAIN AND PORTUGAL BOTH NATIONS OCCUPY THE IBERIAN PENINSULA PORTUGAL MAKES UP 1/6 OF THIS PENINSULA PENINSULA SEPARATED FROM FRANCE BY PYRENNES MOUNTAINS

SPAIN SPAIN--CALLED THE “CASTLE” SPANISH COAT OF ARMS ACCESS BLOCKED BY PYRENNES MTS. MOST OF INTERIOR SPAIN PLATEAUS CALLED “MESETA” DIVIDED BY RIVERS, ONLY THE GUADALQUIVIR RIVER IS NAVIGABLE http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/spain-map/

SPAIN’S CLIMATE ALMOST ALL MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE CLIMATE INFLUENCED BY ELEVATION MESETA IS DRIER THAN NORTH USE DRY FARMING METHODS SO SOILS GATHERS MOISTURE SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN AFFECTED BY SIROCCOS-HOT DRY WINDS FROM N. AFRICA

SPAIN’S ECONOMY ECONOMY SHIFTS FROM AGRICULTURE TO INDUSTRY (TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) BILBAO--LEADING INDUSTRIAL CITY BARCELONA--LEADING PORT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AT 20%

SETTLING SPAIN MADRID-CAPITAL AND LARGEST CITY CONSIDERED THE CENTRAL AREA OR “HUB” OF SPAIN http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSMI5cQy7RM&feature=fvwrel POPULATION OF CITY OVER 3 MILLION HEAVY TRAFFIC AND AIR POLLUTION

CULTURAL DIVERGENCE DIFFERENT GROUPS IN SPAIN TRY TO KEEP THEIR OWN IDENTITY MOST DIVERGENT PEOPLE ARE THE BASQUE OF NORTHERN SPAIN OWN LANGUAGE SEEK TO BE AN INDEPENDENT STATE

TOURIST ACTIVITIES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kI-HqszRq0g&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_fcYvE9lj0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wu_SORjrUa4&feature=PlayList&p=42FF8522D0981FF0&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1

PORTUGAL SMALL IN COMPARISON TO SPAIN NORTHEAST IS MOUNTAINOUS SIZE OF STATE OF INDIANA NORTHEAST IS MOUNTAINOUS AVERAGE 20 INCHES OF RAIN A YEAR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY WHEAT, CORN, BARLEY GROW IN FLAT LANDS OLIVE OIL FROM THE SOUTH WINE FROM NORTH CORK AND CORK PRODUCTS

PORTUGESE HISTORY FREED FROM MOORS IN 1143 CAPITAL CITY OF LISBON BECAME LEADING TRADE CENTER OF EUROPE 1400’S EXPLORED AND COLONIZED AFRICA. (DAGAMA AND DIAS) CLAIMED CONTROL OF BRAZIL IN 1480’S PORTUGAL LOST COLONIES IN 1800’S MILLIONS OF AFRICANS HAVE IMMIGRATED TO PORTUGAL PORTUGAL JOINED THE E.U. IN 1986

PORTUGAL’S FUTURE ECONOMY SHIFTING TOWARD INDUSTRY CORK, TEXTILES, SHOES, CLOTHING LITERACY RATE OF 87% INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION A GROWING PROBLEM

SECTION 2 ITALY NICKNAMED THE “BOOT” INCLUDES THE ISLAND OF SICILY APENNINE MOUNTAINS STRETCH THE LENGTH OF ITALY GREAT DEAL OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEv3wzHAAj8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDoSWAQXYqk

THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF ITALY ALPS MTS. ARE NORTHERN BORDER-CREATE A MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE. DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION 1960--33% WORKED ON FARMS 2005-10% WORK ON FARMS

MIGRATION AND ECONOMICS OF ITALY POPULATION OF 58 MILLION OVERCROWDING HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTHERN ITALY LACK OF FARMLAND. MANY PEOPLE MOVED TO NORTHERN ITALY FOR JOBS IN INDUSTRY GROWING INDUSTRY OF ITALY AUTOMOBILES, APPLIANCES, METAL GOODS ITALY LEADS WORLD IN FASHION AND HOME DESIGNS

REGIONS OF ITALY-NORTHERN ITALY 1. NORTHERN ITALY-(EUROPEAN ITALY) PO RIVER VALLEY CHIEF AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AREA. SKI RESORTS OF THE ALPS LOCATION OF VENICE TOURIST ATTRACTION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JG2bl-zxL4M

REGIONS OF ITALY-CENTRAL ITALY BIRTHPLACE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE CAPITAL CITY OF ROME http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjgIl5ZFeXs&feature=related LOCATION OF VATICAN CITY CENTER OF CATHOLIC CHURCH & POPE THIS IS WHERE THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN--INCREASE IN ART & LEARNING IN THE 1300’S

REGIONS OF ITALY-SOUTHERN ITALY NICKNAMED THE MEZZOGIORNO INCLUDES ISLANDS OF SICILY AND SARDINIA LIMITED AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY MANY PEOPLE HAVE LEFT FOR THE NORTH (JOBS) NAPLES--LARGEST CITY OF THE REGION.

SECTION 3 GREECE GREECE--BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY MEMBER OF E.U. AND NATO INCLUDES 2000 SMALL ISLANDS MEETING PLACE OF TECTONIC PLATES FORMS GRABENS--FLOODED AREAS OF LAND THAT DROP BETWEEN FAULTS GRABENS FORMED AEGEAN SEA AND GULF OF CORINTH

QUICK FACTS ABOUT GREECE Capital:Athens Population: 10.9 million Population density (per sq km): 80 Area: 131.957 sq Language: Greek Major religion: Orthodox Christian Currency: Euro

ATHENS AND ECONOMICS CAPITAL LOCATED IN “STERA HELLAS” POPULATION OVER 3 MILLION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30Ou_QaxXAs&feature=related PIRAEUS-LARGEST PORT OF GREECE FISHING, TOURISM, AND AGRICULTURE LEAD THE ECONOMY. OLIVES, CITRUS FRUITS, FIGS, WHEAT

HISTORY OF GREECE ISLAND OF CRETE--GREEK CIVILIZATION BEGINS 3500 YEARS AGO. MINOAN CIVILIZATION MYSTERIOUSLY DISAPPEARS ! BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY(ATHENS) GREAT WARS OF GREECE: WAR WITH TROY ILIAD AND THE ODYSSEY-STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR AND THE EXPLOITS OF ULYSSES AND ACHILLES WAR WITH PERSIA THE 300 (SPARTANS AGAINST PERSIA) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sj810hUDVUQ&feature=related

GREEK MYTHOLOGY GREEKS WORSHIPPED MULTIPLE GODS WHO ACCORDING TO LEGEND LIVED ON MT. OLYMPUS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP_NeirFIkM

GREEK HISTORY CONQUERED BY ROMANS 200 B.C. TAKEN OVER BY TURKS IN 1453 BECAME AN INDEPENDENT NATION IN 1829