The Thirteen English Colonies Chapter 4 The Thirteen English Colonies

New England Colonies Section 1

Puritans Puritans-religious group who had hoped to reform the Church of England They left England because they: -were persecuted. -thought England had fallen on “evil and declining times.” wanted to build a new society.

Who? Where? When? Why? Results? John Winthrop and Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony 1629 Escape persecution and build society based on biblical laws Only stockholders could vote Granted right to vote to male church members Thomas Hooker Connecticut 1636 He believed the MA Bay government had too much power Wanted strict limits on government All men who owned property could vote Limited governor’s power Roger Williams Rhode Island 1635-1636 He challenged MA Bay leaders and was forced to leave Wanted a separation of church and government Religious freedom No state church All white men could vote

Chapter 4 Key Terms-Due Wednesday Religious tolerance Proprietary colony Royal colony Indigo Debtor Slave code Racism Mercantilism Export Import Legislature bill of rights* Indentured servant Apprentice Libel

Anne Hutchinson Devout Puritan woman who led biblical discussions and claimed God spoke directly to her The MA General Court ordered her to leave. History views her as a symbol of the struggle for religious freedom.

Puritans and Native Americans Settlers from MA Bay Colony spread out over NE. Tensions with the Native Americans grew. Metacom (King Phillip) was the Wampanoag chief in 1675. Tribes united to drive out the English.

Puritans and Native Americans The tribes destroyed towns and killed hundreds of settlers. Within a year Metacom was killed His family was sold into slavery

Puritan Life On Sundays, all citizens were required to attend church. Men, women, blacks, Indians, and children sat separately. Town meetings were held for people to speak their minds. Puritan laws were strict. In 1692, 2o were executed for witchcraft.

Middle Colonies Section 2

New York The Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland. New Amsterdam became a thriving port. To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich families. Owners were called patroons. People from different religious groups flocked to New Netherland because of its religious tolerance.

New York Rivalry for trade and colonies increased between England and the Netherlands. The governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony. Stuyvesant was unpopular because of his harsh rule and heavy taxes. When English warships entered the harbor, the colonists refused to help the governor. The English took over without a shot. The king of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York. New Netherland became New York.

New Jersey The Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern easily. He gave up some land to friends who set up a new colony, New Jersey, which was a proprietary colony. In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which was a colony under the direct control of the English crown.

Pennsylvania In England, William Penn joined the Quakers, a religious group that believed that all people were equal in God’s sight. Quakers were against war. Quakers were arrested, fined, or even hanged for their ideas. Penn believed the Quakers must leave England, so he turned to the king for help.

Pennsylvania The king issued a royal charter naming Penn proprietor of a new colony, later called Pennsylvania. Penn called for fair treatment of Native Americans. Penn welcomed settlers of different faiths and people from many countries, including Germany. Other colonists called the Germans Pennsylvania Dutch, from the word “Deutsch,” which means German.

Delaware The land around the Delaware River was called the Pennsylvania Lower Counties. William Penn allowed the Lower Counties to elect their own assembly because of their distance away from Philadelphia. In 1704, the Lower Counties broke away and formed Delaware.

Southern Colonies Section 3

Southern Colonies Why was Maryland important to Roman Catholics? Maryland was established by Lord Baltimore as a place where Roman Catholics, and later Protestant Christians, could worship freely.

North Carolina How were the Carolinas and Georgia founded? Poor tobacco farmers moved there from Virginia. Many lived on small farms.

South Carolina Eight English nobles set up the colony, and Charles Town (Charleston) was the largest settlement. SC grew rice and indigo and relied heavily on slave labor. (Enslaved Africans outnumbered settles 2:1)

Georgia James Oglethorpe founded GA where debtors could start over. Slavery was forbidden at first, but GA grew with the growth of plantations and slavery.

Coastal plain, many rivers Rolling hills, thick forests Land Farms Crops Slavery Tidewater Plantations Backcountry Coastal plain, many rivers Rolling hills, thick forests Large plantations Small farms Tobacco, rice, indigo Tobacco, garden crops Enslaved Africans tended Tidewater plantations Few enslaved Africans worked backcountry farms

Middle Passage Middle Passage-Slave ship route from West Africa to the West Indies On the Middle Passage slaves Were crammed together and chained Resisted, but few escaped Died in large numbers on the journey from disease and mistreatment

Roots of Self Government Section 4

Regulating Trade Complete the statements The theory of mercantilism says that a nation grew strong by keeping strict control over its trade. The purpose of the Navigation Acts was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.

Regulating Trade The Nav. Acts encouraged the colonists to build their own ships. On the second leg of the triangular trade route, New England ships carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa.

Colonial Government Most governors were appointed by either the king or by the colony’s proprietor. Most colonial legislatures were made up of an upper house and a lower house.

Limits on Liberty The right to vote was limited to white, Christian, men, over the age of 21 who owned land. A married woman could not start her own business or sign a contract without her husband’s approval. Africans and Native Americans had almost no rights.

Life in the Colonies Section 5

Great Awakening The Enlightenment was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s. False The Enlightenment GREAT AWAKENING was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s.

Great Awakening Benjamin Franklin was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement. False Benjamin Franklin JONATHAN EDWARDS was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement.

The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists. Great Awakening The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists. True

Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the 1900-2000s that emphasized the use of tyranny to guide society. False The Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the 1900-2000s 1600-1700s that emphasized the use of tyranny REASON to guide society.

Enlightenment Roger Williams was an English philosopher whose written works about people’s natural rights were widely read in the colonies. False Roger Williams JOHN LOCKE was an English philosopher whose written works about people’s natural rights were widely read in the colonies.

The Enlightenment spread quickly among those who could read. True

People Benjamin Franklin-good example of Enlightenment thinking-he used reason and logic to improve the world around him John Peter Zenger-faced arrest and trial after printing criticism of the New York governor-trial showed the importance of freedom of the press