Book work for Ch. 2 The Nature of Science 2 Book work for Ch. 2 The Nature of Science 2.1 The Scientists' Mind answer # 1-3 (pg. 28)   2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry answer # 1-4 (pg. 33)   2.3 Scientists' Tools answer # 1, 3 (pg. 37) Chapter review questions answer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41)

2.1 The Scientists' Mind answer # 1-3 (pg. 28) Describe the unique characteristics of Carl Sagan, Enriqueta Barrera, and Evan Forde that assisted them in their scientific careers. Ex. curious, interested in nature, keen observer… Name two characteristics of scientific thinking that all scientists share. Ex. Inquisitive, observant, creative, skeptical, cooperative Explain why it is important for scientists to be skeptical. Scientists need to question ideas and “prove” or “disprove” them in order to understand the natural world.

2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry answer # 1-4 (pg. 33) What is a hypothesis? What steps are necessary before a hypothesis can be formulated? A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation. Making observations and asking questions are necessary steps before a hypothesis can be formulated. What is peer review? What is its role in scientific inquiry? During peer review, a scientist’s documentation of his or her work is reviewed by experts in the field prior to publication. It ensures that proper scientific methods have been used & that the work is ready to be considered and texted by other scientists.

2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry answer # 1-4 (pg. 33) Explain the value of testing and retesting ideas scientifically. By testing & retesting ideas, scientists gather evidence to determine whether an idea is scientifically valid. How have you applied the method of scientific inquiry—formulating a question, gathering data, and forming a hypothesis—in your own life?? Answers will vary but should include the processes of formulating a question, gathering data, and forming hypotheses.

2.3 Scientists' Tools answer # 1, 3 (pg. 37) Describe how tools help scientists in their work. Answers will vary. Ex. Tools allow scientists access to more information, extend the senses, etc. How are computers and satellites changing the nature of science? Computers allow scientists to analyze larger amounts of data in a fraction of the time it took in the past. Satellites provide new views of Earth—both its surface & the ocean floor.

Chapter review questions answer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs theory, law Theory: an explanation based on available information; may be changed as new info is found Law: a generalization to which no exception has been found; does not change 2. hypothesis, theory Hypothesis: a temporary explanation for an observation or phenomenon Theory: a carefully tested hypothesis that seems to be the best explanation for the phenomenon. 5. evidence, inquiry Inquiry: the process of asking questions Evidence: information that can be measured & tested to verify a prediction 6. hypothesis, question Hypothesis: a temporary answer to a question Question: seeks an answer

Chapter review questions answer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs 7. What are some qualities that scientists share? strong powers of observation, logical, sense of wonder, creativity, skepticism 8. How do scientists support their hypotheses? by gathering, analyzing, & interpreting data 9. Describe the way in which a scientist might approach a question Scientists are methodical in their approach & inventive in figuring out ways to get information. 16. Think about Evan Forde’s 7th grade experience, when his science teacher asked him to write down observations about a candle. Take a common object and challenge yourself: How many observations about the object can you make? Remember that details are the key. Answers will vary.

Chapter review questions answer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs 7. What are some qualities that scientists share? 8. How do scientists support their hypotheses? 9. Describe the way in which a scientist might approach a question. 16. Think about Evan Forde’s seventh grade experience, when his science teacher asked him to write down observations about a candle. Take a common object and challenge yourself: How many observations about the object can you make? Remember that details are the key.

Chapter review questions answer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs 19. How many times was the water level tested in Study 1? in Study 2? Study 1: 4 times; Study 2: 9 times 20. During Study 1, by how much did the water level decline between the first measurement and the final measurement? About 40 feet 21. During Study 2, by how much did the water level decline between the first measurement and the final measurement?

Chapter review questions answer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs 23. What must have taken place between the measurement taken near March 1, 1995, and the one taken September 1, 1995? There must have been a lot of rain. 24. If a third study were done, what do you think a graph made from its data would look like? Explain your thinking. If it covered the same months, it would probably look the same as the other two studies. There are probably periods of rainy months & dry months in each season of the year. These would be roughly the same from year to year.