Tuesday: bring calculator. Mt. St. Helens: A Case Study from 1980 Photo pre-eruption.

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Presentation transcript:

Tuesday: bring calculator

Mt. St. Helens: A Case Study from 1980 Photo pre-eruption

Mt. St. Helens: Volcanic Precursors Tremors around the mountain

Mt. St. Helens: Volcanic Precursors Harmonic tremors are different from tectonic movements

Mt. St. Helens: March 20 Quakes triggered snow avalanches

Mt. St. Helens: March Earthquake activity dramatically increases

Mt. St. Helens: March 27 Dark ash blankets the top of the mountain: Phreatic eruption

Mt. St. Helens: March 27 Phreatic eruption = steam related, with ash Magma+ groundwater = explosion

Mt. St. Helens: March 27 Crater is formed

Mt. St. Helens: March explosions occur Ash landslides

Mt. St. Helens: March 31 Harry Truman refuses to leave

Mt. St. Helens: April 1 Huge crater develops: 200 feet deep and growing 4/3/80: 1500’ wide, 300’ deep

Mt. St. Helens: April 7-April 11 Now a bulge develops on the side of the volcano

Mt. St. Helens: April 7-April 11 And yet the crater keeps growing: 500’ deep

Mt. St. Helens: April Bulge is still there, but explosions cease on 4/26… is it over, or is the pressure building? 4/29: nearly 1 mile across

The Bulge: March 29 through May 2

May 7: Explosions resume, end May 15 May 17…

Eruption Warnings: Volcanic Precursors Small changes in summit elevations or slope steepness can be observed by lasers of tiltmeters

Mt. St. Helens Case Study Last eruption: 1857 Activity begins in March Eruption occurred in May

Mt. St. Helens

5/18/80

Volcanic Precursors Harmonic tremors Ground swelling or tilting Emitting steam and gases Increased ground temperatures Small phreatic eruptions (water)

Ground swelling