IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 21
COMPONENTS
INNATE IMMUNITY
Innate Defenses Surface Barriers Skin Mucous membranes
Innate Defenses Chemical Barriers Mucus Lysozymes High acidity Sebum Saliva Lacrimal fluid High acidity Gastric juices Urine Vaginal secretions Sebum
Innate Defenses Cellular Defenses Phagocytic cells Macrophages or Monocytes Free (alveolar) Fixed (Kupffer) Neutrophils Dendritic cells
Phagocytic Mobilization Alarm call Vasodilation Increased permeability Leukocytosis Margination Diapedesis Chemotaxis
Phagocytic Mechanism Adherence Ingestion Digestion Resolution Phagosome Digestion Lysosome Phagolysosome Resolution
Innate Defenses Cellular Defenses Phagocytes Inflammatory Cells Mast Cells Basophils Eosinophils? Natural Killer Cells
Chemical Defenses
Inflammatory Response
Anti-microbial Agents Interferons
Anti-microbial Agents Interferons Complement Pyrogens
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Adaptive Immunity Specific Systemic Memory
Adaptive Defenses Antigens = “self” versus “non-self” Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) MHC I MHC II
Adaptive Defenses
Adaptive Defenses
Antibody-Mediated Immunity Also known as “humoral immunity” Involves B lymphocytes DIRECTLY recognizes antigen B lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion
Clonal Expansion of B Cells
Primary and Secondary Humoral Responses
Antibody Structure
Antibody Types
Antibody Types
Antibody Function
Active and Passive Humoral Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity Involves T lymphocytes Cannot recognize antigen directly Antigen must be presented by APC T lymphocytes are more diverse: Helper T cells Cytotoxic T cells Suppressor T cells Memory T cells
T-Cell Education
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Stimulation of TC cells
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Stimulation of TH cells
Co-Stimulation
Function of TC cells
Function of TC cells
Clonal Expansion of T Cells
Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunity
Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunity
Homeostatic Imbalances Organ transplant and tissue rejection Autograft Isograft Allograft Xenograft Immunodeficiency Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Homeostatic Imbalances Autoimmune diseases Multiple sclerosis Grave’s disease Type I diabetes Systemic lupus Myasthenia gravis Glomerulonephritis Rheumatoid arthritis
Homeostatic Imbalances Hypersensitivities Immediate (Type I) Subacute Cytotoxic (Types II) Immune-complex (Type III) Delayed (Type IV)
END CHAPTER 21