Chapter 1 Computer System Overview Sections 1.1 to 1.6 Instruction exe cution Interrupt Memory hierarchy Cache memory Locality: spatial and temporal Problem 1.10

Chapter 2 Operating System Overview Sections 2.1 to 2.4 Objectives and functions of OS Evolution of OS Dual-mode operations: user and kernel modes (what and why) (hardware) interrupts [including timer, I/O, etc.] and (software) traps [including exceptions and system calls]

Chapter 3 Process Description & Control Sections 3.1 to 3.5 Process control block (PCB) Process creation Context switching (what and why) Shell: internal vs. external commands Processes and their relationships via ps –ef UNIX signals System calls fork(), exec(), opendir(), etc.

Chapter 3 Processes

Note that PID and process name may be different on different systems.

Chapter 4 Threads Sections 4.1 to 4.2 User-level threads vs. kernel-level threads Hybrid threads pthread program

User-level threads vs. Kernel-level threads User-Level vs. Kernel-Level Threads

scheduling of user-level threads vs. kernel-level threads Thread Scheduling

Chapter 5 Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization Sections 5.1 to 5.7 Race condition, critical section, and mutual exclusion On a uniprocessor system, interrupt is the root of all evil Hardware solutions: disable/enable interrupts, test&set, swap Semaphore: binary and counting Monitor and condition variables Bounded buffer producer/consumer problem: Both mutex and synchronization Message passing: send/receive, blocking/nonblocking Reader and writer problem

Chapter 5 Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization Programming with pthread