-process of DNA making copies -role of enzymes in copying DNA 12.2 Replication of DNA WHAT YOU WILL LEARN -process of DNA making copies -role of enzymes in copying DNA -leading and lagging strands in DNA replication

READING Q’s 1-LIST: -the 3 phases of semi-conservative replication 1-unwinding/unzipping 2-base pairing 3-joining

3-VOC: -enzyme protein/catalyst—allows reactions to occur READING Q’s 3-VOC: -enzyme protein/catalyst—allows reactions to occur

READING Q’s 4-IDENTIFY: -Circle the names of the 4 enzymes involved in the process of semi-conservative replication.

READING Q’s 5-COMPARE -Name one difference between eukaryotic DNA replication and prokaryotic DNA replication. prokaryotic DNA: -circular -opens at single place in circle -replication occurs in both directions

BACKGROUND INFO

GROUP WORK: GUIDED NOTES -As a cooperative group: -complete the guided note sheet -using your knowledge from the reading

VOCABULARY REVIEW: template -pattern used to make copies -in DNA is a pattern for replicating a new DNA molecule replicate -to copy

VOCABULARY IDENTIFY: terms that fit definitions: 1-___________ -unwinds in multiple areas as DNA is replicated 2-___________ -DNA of prokaryotes 3-___________________ -parental strands separate/serve as templates for new strands of DNA 4-______________________ -keeps the strands of DNA separate during replication 5-__________ -unwinds the double helix 6-__________ -elongates as DNA unwinds and is replicated continuously Eukaryotic DNA Circular DNA Semiconservative replication Single stranded binding proteins DNA helicase Leading strand

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION DESCRIBE: SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION -DNA unwinds/unzips -single strands serves as a template to make new “complimentary” strands -2 new identical strands 1 original-parental strand 1 complementary-new strand

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION MODEL: Parental strands during REPLICATION -H-bonds ”unzip” -separate strands to serve as templates New DNA molecule is composed of -1 original parental strand -1 new complementary strand

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION SEQUENCE AND MODEL: steps in DNA replication 2-BASE PAIRING: -“free floating” nucleotides attach to unzipped template A=T / C=G DNADNA 1-”UNWIND”: -parental DNA “unzip” -separates into 2 strands 4-NEW DNA -2 new DNA molecules each w/: -1 original strand -1 new strand 3-JOINING: nucleotides connected where there are spaces

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION ANALYZE how a DNA molecule acts like a template -complimentary bases match up to N-bases on original strand -2 new molecules identical to original parental DNA

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION INDICATE the sequence of the replicated strand if the template strand has the sequence---- 5’ A T G G G C G T T A 3’ 3’ T A C C C G C A A T 5’

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION DRAW a diagram showing the difference in the way the leading and lagging strands are synthesized

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION LABEL the diagram showing DNA replication— DNA polymerase parental DNA leading strand Okazaki fragments DNA ligase DNA polymerase

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION EXPLAIN what Okazaki fragments are-- -small sections added to lagging strand--discontinuous DESCRIBE how Okazaki fragments are joined— -DNA ligase links ends together

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION COMPLETE the table on role of proteins in replication PROTEIN STAGE OF DNA REPLICATION ACTIVITY DNA HELICASE DNA LIGASE DNA POLYMERASE DNA PRIMASE SINGLE STRANDED BINDING PROTEIN -unwinding -unwinds/unzips DNA -joining -links DNA sections -base pairing -joining -adds new bases -removes RNA primer -adds RNA primer to new strands -unwinding -keeps strands separate during replication -unwinding -base pairing

DNA REPLICATION IN PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES Number origins for DNA replication Where replication takes place many one nucleus cytoplasm

PROKARYOTIC REPLICATION

SUMMARIZE BONDS in DNA TYPE BOND HOW FORMED STRENGTH HOW USED IONIC COVALENT HYDROGEN + / – charges attracted STRONG BOND DNA attached to histones 2 atoms share electrons STRONGEST BOND sugar, phosphates, N-bases bonded weak attraction btwn +/- dipole molecules Bonds between N-bases WEAK BOND

SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION ANALYZE how the activity DNA polymerase is consistent w/ Watson and Crick’s model of semiconservative replication -W & C predicted DNA replication is semiconservative — parental strand serve as templates for daughter strands REPLICATION— http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teV62zrm2P0&feature=player_embedded