Lecture Notes Yuyen Chang Spring 2004 at Chang Gung University A Lecture Given in Freshman English Courses

Grading Policy  60%  Weekly performance (tests +attendance)  20 %  Oral reports  20 %  Final Exam

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?  To explain and describe the world we live in.  “explain?  The world?

Modern science?  According to “The Universe and Dr. Einstein” by Lincoln Barnett   According to “The Medical Lessons of History” 

Einstein versus Newton  What is the Barnett’s conclusion?  Do you agree with his viewpoint?

Thomas, Lewis. “The Medical Lessons of History."

A Weekly Test  Short Q & A  20 words/ dictation  Oral test: reading

$ $ $  National funds  Private grants  Safe and sound v.s gambling  Stop ambitious projects or research?

A backward look  Comments on the traditional medicine?! – Write down five to ten words related to the traditional medicine or therapy  What is the very notion of modern medicine?

Accurate diagnosis  Dia-  thorough, complete  -gnosis  knowledge  Diagnosis: the complete knowledge  Prognosis: knowing something in advance

bacteria  Pathogenic organism – Patho-  PREFIX: Disease; suffering: pathogen. – ETYMOLOGY:New Latin, from Greek, from pathos, suffering. – --gene  origin  Invisible causes of disease: virus and bacteria

---  When discovered?  When put into use?  Why delay?  What does Thomas want to illustrate in this example?!

 25 major diseases in USA  3 major types of diseases in other areas  What are the most “intimidating” disease in Taiwan?

Solutions?  Beyond our control  The environmental elements  What else can we do?  Pessimistic or optimistic?  your attitude towards medical technology?

McConnell, James. "The Breakthroughs in Medicine.” McConnell, James. "The Breakthroughs in Medicine.” " A dialogue

James McConnell  His profession  His attitude  A Yes-but strategy  Make a comparison between Lewis Thomas and James McConnell

A radical change in our behavior  According to McConnell, what is the precondition for the great breakthroughs in any technology?  A precedes B  = B is preceded by A

The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp" [1632] by Rembrandt van Rijn.

A comparison/ contrast  Thomas  Jobs  Medical Lessons  The cause of the delayed application of penicillin?  McConnell  Jobs  Real Lessons  The cause of the delayed application of penicillin?

Difference?  Positions  Perspectives  Viewpoints  part/people/clpeop21.htm

More examples  The death rate of the childbed fever? – The attending physicians have to wash their hands – The family physicians  Obesity – Human beings are not only biological but also social and psychological animals. – Cure rate

Doctors-patients  Love and care  Professional knowledge and psychological consideration  ons.com/doctors.htm ons.com/doctors.htm

Analysis of a long sentence  Conjunctions: – Despite what/ when/ that/ the way (that)  If we want to arrive at the next great leap, what lesson should the medical students be taught?  Two important factors of a lasting cure?

Two factors  Two ways (A) are drugs and surgical interventions(B)  Two ways (A) are as important in achieving a lasting cure as are drugs and surgical interventions(B).  The real medical lesson of history!

What lessons do you learn from these two articles? More questions for discussion: