HALE UAV Preliminary Design AERSP 402B Spring 2014 Team: NSFW Nisherag GandhiThomas Gempp Doug RohrbaughGregory Snyder Steve StanekVictor Thomas SAURON

Mission Statement To design a High Altitude / Long Endurance (HALE) UAV using alternative fuel sources to support homeland security efforts with a concentration in long term border security.

Design Changes v1 v3 v2 v4 v5 v6

Sauron v7

Design Changes – Wing and Tail

Design Changes – Landing Gear

Dimensions ParameterWingTail AirfoilSM701Jouk0015 Span (ft.) Reference Chord (ft.) Area (ft. 2 ) Cruise C L Span Efficiency1.01 Max C L 1.4 Power Generated (kW)16.93 Aspect Ratio29.6 Neutral Point Location (ft.)13.4 C.G. Location (ft.)13.2

Wing/Tail Lift Distribution

Structures – Materials HexPly M91 - Epoxy Matrix for primary aerospace structure High residual compression strength after impact (CAI) Supports automated manufacturing HexTow IM10 - Carbon Fiber 12k tow Suitable for weaving, pre- pregging, filament winding, braiding, and pultrusion Enhanced tensile properties Highest commercially available tensile strength * Avg. cost: $45/lb. M91/IM10

Structures – Materials Epoxy-Fiber (Prepreg) Combination (M91/IM10) Theoretical Values Cured Ply Thickness (in)~ Fiber Volume (%)~ 58.9 Laminate Density (g/cm 3 )~ 1.4 Laminate Modulus (GPa)~ 200 Tensile Strength (MPa)~ 3620 HexTow IM10 Carbon Fiber # of Filaments12000 Filament Diameter (microns)4.4 Tensile Strength (MPa)6964 Tensile Modulus (GPa)310 Strain (%)2.0 Density (g/cm 3 )1.79

Wing – Spar Design

Wing – Weight and Lift Distribution

Wing – Moment and Stress

Wing – Deflection

Wing Deflection Analysis

H &V Stabilizer Spar Design

Horizontal Stabilizer – Lift Distribution

H. Stabilizer – Moment and Stress

H. Stabilizer – Wing Deflection

Vertical Stabilizer – Weight and Lift Distribution

V. Stabilizer – Moment and Stress

V. Stabilizer - Deflection

Weight Breakdown Aircraft PartEmpty Weight (lbs) Wing Fuselage32.77 Horizontal Stabilizer10.24 Vertical Stabilizer3.98 Solar Cell87.53 Wing Spar70.38 Vertical Stab Spar0.71 Horizontal Stab Spar Motors16.00 Fuselage Formers15.00 Gear System40.00 Total Empty Weight ParameterEmpty Weight (lbs) Total Empty Weight Battery Payload Total834.44

Control Surfaces

Aileron Control Surface Area: 3% P cruise|61k ft = 13.8 deg/sec P stall|61k ft = 11.5 deg/sec Required Aileron Deflection =10°

Elevator Control Surface Area: 46.7% Pitch Rate= 9 deg/sec Required Elevator Deflection= -2.6° Lift Coefficient, C L Elevator Deflection (°)

Rudder Control Surface Area: 42.9% Rudder Deflection: 20° Maximum Sidewash: 10° Max Crosswind: 12.5 ft/s

Control Surface Demo

Airfoil Selection Wing AirfoilH&V Stabilizer Airfoil

Updated Drag Analysis

Sea Level45,000 feet61,000 feet79,000 feet Stall Speed (ft/s) Cruise Speed (ft/s) Max Speed (ft/s) Total Drag (lbs) Power Required (kW) Reynolds’ Number1,129, , , ,504.6 C Do Oswald’s Efficiency Max L/D

Updated Power Analysis

Takeoff ParameterSea LevelDenverAfghanistan Ground Roll [ft] V takeoff [ft/s] d ab|35ft [ft] d ab|50ft [ft] D total|35ft [ft] D total|50ft [ft] Thrust [lbs]

Landing ParameterSea LevelDenverAfghanistan V a [ft/s] γ a [deg] Radius [ft] Flare Height [ft] Flare Speed [ft/s] da 35ft [ft] da 50ft [ft] df [ft] V TD [ft/s] Thrust [lbs]

Constraint Diagram Original Current

Cost Analysis Fixed Costs for 5 Developmental Aircraft: –Engineering Costs: $29,869, –Flight Test Ops: $17,638, –Tooling: $4,567,827.99

Pricing

Pricing Summary Design Aircraft5 Engineering Costs $ 29,869, Flight Test Ops $ 17,638, Tooling Costs $ 4,567, Manufacturing Costs $ 3,411, $ 14,924, $ 65,298, $ 183,206, $ 285,693, Quality Control Costs $ 490, $ 2,146, $ 9,393, $ 26,353, $ 41,096, Total Materials Costs $ 889, $ 2,223, $ 15,567, $ 74,872, $ 149,002, Design Materials Costs $ 741, Production Materials Costs $ 148, $ 1,482, $ 14,826, $ 74,130, $ 148,261, Total Frame Costs $ 60,725, $ 75,229, $ 146,192, $ 340,366, $ 531,727, Minimum Price Per UAV $ 60,725, $ 7,522, $ 1,461, $ 680, $ 531, * +$2M per for custom sensory packages

Comparison to Competitors RQ-1/MQ-1 Predator –Unit Cost: $4.03M –360 Built MQ-9 Reaper –Unit Cost: $16.9M –104 Built RQ-4 Global Hawk –Unit Cost: $131.4M –42 Built Solara 50/60 –Unit Cost: $1-2M –N/A Built

Questions? 14 Days ‘Til Graduation

Double Camera

Summary