Inland Water Systems Outline: introduction area and distribution  excursion: peatlands Services Condition Drivers of change conclusions.

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Presentation transcript:

Inland Water Systems Outline: introduction area and distribution  excursion: peatlands Services Condition Drivers of change conclusions

Inland Water Systems IWS are: All inland aquatic habitats, whether fresh, brackish or saline, as well as inland seas Lakes Rivers marshes Swamps Floodplains Small streams Ponds Cave waters  also rice-fields, aquaculture ponds, reservoirs

Special attributes of IWS Variety in time and extent  difficult to assess Biggest species-richness compared to Marine and terrestrial ecosystems Maybe worst threatened of all systems in MA IWS are affected by- but also influence climate change  feedback Multiple services from healthy IWS  intensive use

Source:

Area 530 million to 1280 million hectares  2.6% of earth´s surface ; 8.5% of landsurface covered by IWS

Global distribution

global peatlands

peatlands Peat: organic material which is acumulated but not decomposed due to anoxic conditions in swamps/ marshes  Peatlands cover 400 million hectares

Source:

peatlands Carbon-accumulation of intact peatlands  Feedback with climate

Services Hydrologic regulation

Services Hydrologic regulation Sediment retention and water purification

Services Hydrologic regulation Sediment retention and water purification Recharge/ discharge of groundwater

Services Hydrologic regulation Sediment retention and water purification Recharge/ discharge of groundwater Climate-change mitigation

Services Hydrologic regulation Sediment retention and water purification Recharge/ discharge of groundwater Climate-change mitigation Products from IWS

Services Hydrologic regulation Sediment retention and water purification Recharge/ discharge of groundwater Climate-change mitigation Products from IWS Recreation and tourism

Services Hydrologic regulation Sediment retention and water purification Recharge/ discharge of groundwater Climate-change mitigation Products from IWS Recreation and tourism Cultural value

Condition of IWS Agricultural drainage: 56-65% of IWS suitable for agriculture Wetland-loss: 50% during 20eth century (speculation) Status of IWS species: dramatic

Table Relative Species Richness of Different Ecosystems (McAllister et al. 1997) Ecosystems FreshwaterMarineTerrestrial HabitatExtent (percent of world) Species Diversity (percent of known species) Relative Species Richness source: Millenium ecosystem Assessment chapter 20

Drivers of change Indirect drivers: Expansion of population, welfare Direct drivers: Physical change, hydrologic modification

hydrologic modification DAMS: 700% increase in water stored in river-systems  immense change of flowing-patterns  impact on sediment-transport and waste-processing capacity (residence time doubled/ tripled)  impact on fish-migration  floodplains alterated

Drivers of change Indirect drivers: Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: Physical change hydrologic modification Invasive species

Drivers of change Indirect drivers: Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: Physical change hydrologic modification Invasive species Fisheries/ harvesting

Drivers of change Indirect drivers: Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: Physical change hydrologic modification Invasive species Fisheries/ harvesting Water pollution and eutrophication

Drivers of change Indirect drivers: Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: Physical change hydrologic modification Invasive species Fisheries/ harvesting Water pollution and eutrophication Climate change

conclusions Deep examination often reveals: greater economic benefits from intact IWS than of those beeing converted (holistic approach)  essential to consider information about full range of benefits Special agreements needed due to connectivity of IWS (linkage between countries) People who benefit most from intact IWS are local residents, especially poor people  Use of local knowledge and consideration of local people required