הריון 6 שבועות הריון 7 שבועות הריון 11 שבועות.

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Presentation transcript:

הריון 6 שבועות

הריון 7 שבועות

הריון 11 שבועות

הריון 16 שבועות

הריון 26 שבועות

הריון 26 שבועות: שסתומי לב

הריון 32 שבועות

חקר תנועת הדם "דופלר": המקום:התפצלות עורק השינה המצב: נורמאליות חקר תנועת הדם "דופלר": כריש דם ( טרומבוזיס)

מבנה הלב

אכוקארדיאוגרפיה - ehocardiography לפני עומס פיזיאחרי עומס פיזי Norma Pathology

אכו-אזופאגו-קארדיו-גראפיה ehoezophagocardiograhy

טרומבוזיס

אכו-אזופאגו-קארדיו-גראפיה ehoezophagocardiograhy

אנווריזמה מפוצלת aneurysm

אכו-אזופאגו-קארדיו-גראפיה ehoezophagocardiograhy

פגיעה במסתם תלת-מפרסי או "טריקוספידלי : התפתחות הסתיידות ורקמת-חיבור בצורות "נוודיות וקשרים".

LEVELS To get a feel for decibels, look at the table which gives values for the sound pressure levels of common sounds in our environment. Also shown are the corresponding sound pressures and sound intensities. From these you can see that the decibel scale gives numbers in a much more manageable range. Table of Sound Pressure Levels and Corresponding Sound Pressure and Sound Intensity Sound Intensity watts/m² Sound Pressure Pa Sound Pressure Level dB Examples m from jet aircraft Threshold of pain Chainsaw Disco Curbside of busy road Conversational speech Quiet bedroom at night Background in TV studio Threshold of hearing From the above you can see that a sound which has a sound pressure level 10 dB more than another has a sound intensity 10 times as much which, as we saw in the first lecture, means that the sound contains 10 times the energy. A sound 20 dB more than another, has a sound intensity 100 times as much and contains 100 times the energy. A sound which is 3 dB more than another contains twice the energy. This is an important concept to remember when we come to assessing people's noise exposures in later lectures, for if someone is receiving noise 3 dB above the exposure standard, they are not merely 'just above' the standard, but are receiving twice as much potentially damaging sound to their ears. A different concept is that of loudness, a psycho-physical sensation caused by sound. Here an increase of 10 dB in sound pressure level causes the sound to be perceived as twice as loud. A decrease of 10 dB is perceived as half as loud. So, if you are able to introduce noise controls which make the sound half as loud, you have actually reduced the energy getting to the ear by a factor of 10 - a very worthwhile effort.

The Decibel Scale - some typical sound levels

השפעת רעש על האוזן ועל חוש השמיעה רעש חזק יכול לגרום עליית לחץ האוויר על עור הטוף שיכול להוביל לקריעת עור הטוף. קריעת עור הטוף: בארוטראומה barotrauma מתלווה עם הפרשת דם מהאוזן, כאבים, צלצולים באוזן. חוש שמע מתחדש ל %

הרעש הממושך עקב שמיעת מוזיקה רב - עוצמה ותדר גבוה, מביעה לפגיעה של תאי - שער ולהתנוונותם. תהליך זה בלתי הפיך!! כל הגורמים האלה מביאים להפחתה או לאיבוד יכולת שמיעה וכתוצאה – מכשירי שמיעה

מבנה האוזן

התפתחות דלקת – אוטיט ואוייסטהייט - eustahit & otit

התפתחות דלקת – אוטיט ואוייסטיחיט - eustahit & otit

אוטוסקלרוזיס