Eighth Annual Summit on Evidence-Based Education Teacher Professional Development

Teachers “What are effective teaching strategies?” “How can we best assess teacher performance?” “How can we best teach / support these skills?” Teacher Professional Development

THE K-12 EDUCATION UNIVERSE (SY 2009–2010) # of school districts: 13,629 # of schools: 132,183 # K-12 students:54,972,000

The K-12 Education Universe (2009–2010) Student Growth % Growth Over Year#Prev. 5 years Fall ,484,181.3 % Fall ,773, % \ Fall ,688, % Teacher Growth

PROJECTIONS FOR NEW TEACHERS ( ) Growth 609,000 Retirement1,875,000 Attrition1,950,000 TOTAL4,434,000 Researchers estimate a need to hire between 2.9 and 5.1 million full-time teachers between 2008 and 2020 (Aaronson & Meckel, 2008)

Teachers are only as effective as they know how to be.

One of the strange ironies of education reformers’ attention to teacher effectiveness, however, has been the relative lack of attention to how teacher candidates are prepared to be effective in the job in the first place. Most states are neglecting opportunities to get it right from the start. NCTQ State Policy Yearbook

Teacher Professional Development Industrial Complex

Teacher Professional Development Industrial Complex PRE-SERVICEprofessional development occurs before the individual’s first job teacher training programs:course work student teaching IN-SERVICEprofessional development occurs after the individual’s first job begins induction:intensive training during first year(s) of of teaching ongoing: workshops & conferences continuing education (CEUs) advanced degrees peer collaboration (mentoring, etc.)

PRE-SERVICE Metrics Teacher Preparation Programs Number of institutions (2011): 1,434 Number of programs (2011): 2,054 Number of students enrolled:724,173 Number of new teacher graduates (BA):235,138 Traditional programs89% Alternative (IHE)6% Alternative (non-IHE)5% Dollars spent:$ 20.4 Billion Number of years4-5 years

IN-SERVICE Metrics ACTIVITY% TEACHERS COSTS Induction 82 %$ 2 Billion Advanced60% with MAs$ 15 Billion (salary) Degrees 35% enrolled$ 6 Billion (university) Professional Development95%$ Billion (workshops, conferences)($ 4–8,000 / teacher) Total Professional Development costs: $ 61 – 68 Billion 3.2 million teachers

Overall goals of teacher professional development improve student outcomes acquisition of effective teaching skills increase teacher motivation, satisfaction & retention Teacher Professional Development Goals

Professional Development & STUDENT OUTCOMES 2011 NAEP Reading At or above proficiency 4 th Grade = 34% 8 th Grade = 34% 12 th Grade = 38% 2011 NAEP Math At or above proficiency 4 th Grade = 40% 8 th Grade = 35% 12 th Grade = 26% National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

Professional Development & STUDENT OUTCOMES High School Graduation Rates

Pre-Service: TEACHING SKILLS How Well do Schools of Education Prepare Teachers? Levine (2006)

National Center for Education Information (2011) Pre-Service: TEACHING SKILLS

National Center for Education Information (2011) Aspects of Teacher Preparation Program Rated “Very Effective” – All Teachers

Professional Development: TEACHER SKILLS How Much Do Teacher Skills Improve Over Time? Kane, Rockoff, Staiger, 2006

Professional Development: INDUCTION Institute of Education Sciences Study ( ) What is the impact of comprehensive induction services? After one year? After two years? 1.impact on type and intensity of induction services received comprehensive provided greater time in various mentor activities 2.impact on teacher’s classroom practices no statistically positive impact 3.impact on student achievement no statistically positive impact 4.impact on teacher retention no statistically positive impact 5.impact on composition of the district’s teaching workforce no statistically positive impact

Professional Development: ADVANCED DEGREES Evidence suggests that teachers with masters’ degrees do not demonstrate an instructional advantage over those without. Kane, et al. (2006), Aaronson, et al. (2002), Hanushek, et al. (1998) 90 percent of the Master’s Degrees held by teachers come from education programs that tend to be unrelated to or unconcerned with instructional efficacy National Center for Education Statistics ( Schools and Staffing Survey)

Professional Development: WORKSHOPS “one-workshops are intellectually superficial, disconnected from deep issues of curriculum and learning, fragmented and noncumulative” Ball & Cohen (1999)

Professional Development: TEACHER RETENTION

Overall goals of teacher professional development improve student outcomes acquisition of effective teaching skills increase teacher motivation, satisfaction & retention Teacher Professional Development Goals WHAT ARE WE MISSING? NO

Teacher Professional Development Industrial Complex Redux

2011 State Teacher Policy Yearbook Analysis of state’s performance against a set of 36 specific, research-based teacher policy goals in support of teacher effectiveness Delivering Well-Prepared Teachers Expanding the Teacher Pool Identifying Effective Teachers Retaining Effective Teachers Exiting Ineffective Teachers Average Overall Grade National Council on Teacher Quality (2011) DC-D+C-D+D+