Developmental Influences Freud believes that early childhood influences determined the adult personality. Parental behaviour is crucial to normal development Personality and mental health problems in adulthood can usually be traced back to the first five years. www.psychlotron.org.uk

Psychosexual Development People – including children – are basically hedonistic – they are driven to seek pleasure by gratifying the Id’s desires. Sources of pleasure are determined by the location of the libido (life-force). As a child moves through different developmental stages, location of libido and hence sources of pleasure change. www.psychlotron.org.uk

Psychosexual Stages Oral Anal Phallic Latent Genital The mouth – sucking, swallowing etc. EGO develops Anal The anus – withholding or expelling faeces Phallic The penis or clitoris - masturbation SUPEREGO develops Latent Little or no sexual motivation present www.psychlotron.org.uk Genital The penis or vagina – sexual intercourse

Fixation Oral Anal Phallic www.psychlotron.org.uk Forceful feeding Deprivation Early weaning Oral activities (e.g. smoking), dependency, aggression. Oral Toilet training: Too harsh Too lax Obsessiveness, tidiness, mean-ness; untidiness, generosity Anal Abnormal family set-up leading to unusual relationship with mother/father Vanity, self-obsession, sexual anxiety , inadequacy, inferiority, envy Phallic www.psychlotron.org.uk