Good Afternoon! 1.Reflect on the Carbon Cycle activity we completed last class and individually complete the blank Carbon Cycle worksheet as best as you can.

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How is Carbon emitted into the atmosphere? Respiration Burning of Fossil Fuels –Coal –Oil –Natural gas Decomposition –When in the soil, bacteria and fungi break down detritus (dead plant and animal life) and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

How is Carbon absorbed from the atmosphere? Photosynthesis Diffusion into the surface ocean –The surface ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide than land –Cold water absorbs CO 2 faster than warm water Storage in soil and deep ocean from dead and decaying plant and animal life –Carbon circulates from the surface ocean down to the deep ocean –Detritus (dead and decaying marine life) collects in the deep ocean where carbon can be stored for hundreds of years.

THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH

Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Carbon dioxide WaterGlucoseOxygen gas PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Light Energy Harvested by Plants & Other Photosynthetic Autotrophs 6 CO H 2 O + light energy → C 6 H 12 O O 2

Food Chain

THE FOOD WEB

WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN? Plant Cells have Green Chloroplasts The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is impregnated with photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chlorophylls, carotenoids).

Chloroplasts absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy Light Reflected light Absorbed light Transmitted light Chloroplast THE COLOR OF LIGHT SEEN IS THE COLOR NOT ABSORBED

Chloroplasts: Sites of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis –Occurs in chloroplasts, organelles in certain plants –All green plant parts have chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis The leaves have the most chloroplasts The green color comes from chlorophyll in the chloroplasts The pigments absorb light energy

The location and structure of chloroplasts LEAF CROSS SECTION MESOPHYLL CELL LEAF Chloroplast Mesophyll CHLOROPLAST Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Thylakoid compartment Thylakoid Stroma Granum StromaGrana Stomata

How does Carbon get back to the Atmosphere? Animals Eat Plants When organisms eat plants, they take in the carbon from the plant. Some of it becomes part of their own bodies. Some of it will be released to the atmosphere.

How does Carbon get back to the Atmosphere? This process is called “Respiration!” Equation: Food + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 0

How does Carbon get back to the Atmosphere? The Goal of “Respiration” is to break down glucose and release energy for cell processes. Since all living organisms need this energy, all living organisms do respiration…even plants!!!

Where in the cell does Respiration take place in the cell? This happens in a structure in the cell called the mitochondria.