Planetary and Satellite Motion 12.2. Man-made Satellites To successfully launch a satellite, physicists must be very precise in terms of speed, direction,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Understand basic orbital mechanics and how orbits work Understand the different types of orbits used for different purposes Understand basic principles.
Advertisements

Ch 8.1 Motion in the Heavens and on Earth
Projectile Motion Feeding the Monkey (Banana Gun) l Where does the zookeeper aim if he wants to hit the monkey? ( He knows the monkey will let go as.
Integrated Science Projectile and Satelitte Motion.
Freefall describes any object that is free to move near Earth's surface. If air resistance is negligible, all objects in freefall will experience a constant.
20-May-15 Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU Chapter 10 Projectile & Satellite Motion.
Physics 151: Lecture 28 Today’s Agenda
Satellite Motion Monika V Sikand Ph.d Student Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Physics. Light and Life Laboratory. Hoboken.
Satellites. Settler What is this picture of ? Learning Objectives To know what a satellite is To know some uses of artificial satellites To understand.
Projectile Motion. Projectile: An Object Moving Solely Under Influence of Gravity.
Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites Physics Click HERE if the web page above does not open. In this lesson, we will discuss the following: Newton’s Law.
Chapter 8.  Imagine a cannon, perched high atop a mountain, firing a cannon ball with a given horizontal speed. The cannon ball is a projectile, so it’s.
Chapter 7 Tangential Speed
Satellites What keeps them in orbit?. Satellites A satellite is any projectile given a large enough velocity so its path follows the curvature of the.
1.To do some sums! 2.To define what a satellite is 3.To describe two popular types of orbit for man-made satellites 4.To connect Satellite motion with.
What are Forces? A force is a push or a pull on an object.
Notes and Explanations
AGENDA 31-OCT Binder check today! Binder check today! Notes - Projectile Motion Notes - Projectile Motion CW - Plotting Projectile Motion Activity &
Newton’s Law of Gravitation. Newton concluded that gravity was a force that acts through even great distances Newton did calculations on the a r of the.
Uniform Circular Motion AP Physics 1. Centripetal Acceleration In order for an object to follow a circular path, a force needs to be applied in order.
What keeps them in orbit?
What can you tell me about gravity?. Gravity is usually assumed to be a uniform vertical downward force......it is actually radial.
Universal Law of Gravity. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation Between every two objects there is an attractive force, the magnitude of which is directly.
Physics Day 33 LO: recognize the independence of the horizontal and vertical components of motion AGENDA Do Now Project HW#6Pr. 1-3 on page 99 Professional.
CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS Satellite Motion.
Physics Mrs. Coyle -Gravitational Field -Satellites -Einstein’s View of Gravity.
Chapter 4 – Gravity, Projectiles, Satellites
Newton believed that every object ___attracts_____ every other object. The force of the attraction depends on the __mass___ and _distance__ of the two.
22-Oct-15 Physics 1 (Garcia) SJSU Chapter 6 Projectile Motion.
Chapter 6 Forces In Motion
Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History.
 Galileo discovered that mass does not affect the time it takes for an object to fall to the ground.  Objects fall at the same rate (on earth it is.
Chapter 5 Circular Motion; Gravitation. 1. Use Newton's second law of motion, the universal law of gravitation, and the concept of centripetal acceleration.
Aim: How does the force of gravity affect objects? Do Now: Complete worksheet.
Forces Gravity and Newton's 2nd Law. Mass = how much matter is in an object More mass = greater inertia (harder to move or stop)
How fast would a bowling ball have to be moving for it to clear the gap in the elevated alley and continue moving on the other side?
1 SATELLITESSATELLITES 2 Newton’s Law of Gravitation M1M1 M2M2 r F F.
Newton’s “Cannon” or Newton’s “Mountain”. Recall A projectile path is parabolic as it comes up & goes down. NEWTON’S IDEA (in the 1600’s!) Put a HUGE.
TWO DIMENSIONAL AND VARIED MOTION Projectile Motion The Pendulum.
Chapter 6 Forces in Motion.
Proportionality between the velocity V and radius r
Getting Off the Earth Focus 2 Part 2.
Uniform Circular Motion Physics 12. Uniform Circular Motion object is moving at a constant speed but changing directions acceleration occurs due to direction.
8.11 Satellites Page Natural Satellite The Moon.
Vectors & Projectile Motion. Motion is Relative ► Frame of Reference - perspective from which you observe.
Gravitation Additional reading: Higher Physics for CfE, p.55 – 63. Notes p.34 Newton’s “Thought Experiment” Sir Isaac Newton, as well as giving us the.
Unit Two Chapter 3, Part 2 Projectile Motion. A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity.
Chapter 3: Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors. Objectives Define vectors and scalars. Understand simple vector operations like addition, subtraction,
Newton’s Second Law Pages Describe your acceleration if you are in a circular motion. What is the net force of your motion? You are constantly.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. Law of Universal Gravitation.
4.2 Gravity and Kepler’s Solar System p Falling Objects The Moon in Free Fall Newton understood that the Moon was in free-fall around the Earth.
The Force of Gravity. It is a centripetal force and it is provided by the gravitational force between the Earth & the Moon. What Type of force is this.
Satellites and Gravitational Fields Physics 12. Clip of the day:  $ !  zexOIGlrFo
 Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects due to their masses  Acceleration is the rate at which velocity (speed with a direction) changes.
Circular Motion AP PHYSICS 2. Uniform Circular Motion.
Spring km/s: Not Fast Enough.... Spring km/s: Almost Fast Enough....but not quite!
Charting the Sky - 4 Mr. Jean
Chapter 5 Projectile & Satellite Motion
The Force of Gravity.
Projectile Motion.
Section 2 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation & Kepler’s Laws
Unit 7 Lesson 2. Gravity: A Force of Attraction A
10 Projectile Motion Projectile Launched Horizontally
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation & Kepler’s Laws
Sci. 2-1 Gravity and Motion Pages
Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
Section 5 – pg 402 Rockets and Satellites
Projectile Motion Chapter
Presentation transcript:

Planetary and Satellite Motion 12.2

Man-made Satellites To successfully launch a satellite, physicists must be very precise in terms of speed, direction, and force.

What is an orbit? An orbit is a controlled freefall that provides an illusion of weightlessness due to relative motion Newton was the first to figure this out

Newton’s Mountain His idea: Put a cannon on the top of a very high mountain. Shoot a cannon ball horizontally. There are two options: A) The cannon ball falls to the ground B) The cannon ball goes far enough to actually start travelling around the Earth.

Newton’s Mountain Objects at rest fall 4.9 m in the first second under the influence of gravity (on Earth). If they travel at 8km/s horizontally, they will fall 4.9 m, matching the curvature of the Earth which also “falls” 4.9m every 8km.

Where does this math come from? Think back to grade 11 physics (kinematics) d = 0 + ½ (-9.81m/s 2 )(1 s) 2 d = -4.9m

Only one problem… Air resistance! This can be overcome by being on a truly high mountain (where the air is so thin that air resistance is negligible).

So how do we launch satellites into orbit? We need to perform calculations to decide how fast we need the object to travel We need to take into account weather (which affects our air resistance) We need to take into account how close to Earth the satellite will be orbiting. It isn’t launched horizontally Dy7p4

Geostationary Orbit Satellites in geostationary orbit stay the same distance from Earth and so travel in a circular orbit They appear to hover over one spot on Earth’s surface so that we can receive signals from them constantly This occurs because they are orbiting once around the Earth every 24 hours (just like one day on Earth) T = 24 hours Examples: GPS, cellular phone, TV satellites

Example 1 What altitude is required for geostationary orbit? What do we already know? T = 24 hours Mass of Earth = 5.98 x kg Radius of Earth = 6.38 x 10 6 m What are we looking for? Altitude = radius from earth’s centre to satellite subtract the earth’s radius

What is the force holding the satellite in orbit? Fc = Fg km above Earth’s surface

Example 2 What velocity must a satellite be travelling at to stay in orbit? 3070 m/s

Page 591 Questions 15 to 17