Two Views of Perception: Bottom-up processing: -Low-level -Feature driven Top-down processing -Knowledge driven -Unconscious inference (Helmholtz)

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Presentation transcript:

Two Views of Perception: Bottom-up processing: -Low-level -Feature driven Top-down processing -Knowledge driven -Unconscious inference (Helmholtz)

What do you see in this picture?

Vertical Line Stimulating Receptive Field of Single Cell

Stimulation of a Single Cell by Downward Motion

BRIGHTNESS CONTRAST

Stimulus Luminance Profile

Mach Bands - Edge Enhancement Illusion

How the Eye Accentuates Edges

Mach Bands

Recording From a Single Cell of the Visual Cortex

Frequency of Firing of Single Receptor in Response to Stimuli of Different Amplitude

Inhibitory Effects of Stimulating Adjacent Receptor

Simple Cell in Visual Cortex

Complex Cell of Visual Cortex

On-Off and Center Cells (Retina)

How the Visual System Responds to Edges

Lateral Inhibition

Excitatory & Inhibitory Cells

Which column is largest?

Which Line is Longer?

Which lines are parallel?

Are lines a and b parallel?

Which Line is Longer?

Which central dot is larger?

Necker Cube

What is This a Picture of?

Excitatory & Inhibitory Cells

Bottom-up Perception

Which woman is taller?

Binocular Cues for Depth Convergence Binocular disparity

Monocular Cues for Depth Interposition Linear perspective Height in vertical plane Texture Shadow Relative motion

Visual Angle

Interposition. Which is closer? A or B? B A

Which column is largest?

Linear Perspective

Which red line is bigger?

Linear Perspective

Height in Visual Field

Texture gradients

Texture Gradient

Which woman is taller?

“AMES”Room

Direction of Shadow

Haze

Shading

Relative Motion

Moon Illusion

Pop out effect