Marine Biology: Marine Invertebrate Investigation Notes from your class Presentations on 2/22

Characteristics of major marine phylums Table of Contents: Slide One - Intro Slide Two - Table of Contents Slide Three - Porifera Slide Four - Cnideria Slide Five - Cnideria Slide Six - Ctenophora Slide Seven - Mulusca Slide Eight - Anthropoda Slide Nine - Echinodermata Slide Ten - Marine Worms Slide Eleven - Marine Worms

Porifera  5000 species  sponges  marine creatures  150 fresh water  simplest cellular organization o no symmetry  system of pores and channels for water to pass through  sexual and asexual reproduction  Three main structures o Tube o Tube, but bigger o Big, complex

Cnidaria  Jellyfish  No body cavity  Asexual  Develop into sexual adults  Sting – bees of the sea o Special cells o Neural toxins  Four classes o Jellyfish o Box jelly fish o Hydroids o Sea anemones.

 Radial symmetry  Central nerve net  Eat, plankton, other jellys  Predator: sea turtles, ocean sunfish, rock fish  May be eaten by human  Coral and sea anemones o Reproduce by budding or sperm in water (eww…) o Eat plankton, fish o Predators: humans  No brains! Four primitive structures  Box Jellyfish has 24 eyes  200 feet long (Lions Mane) to a few centimeters in size Cnidaria continued

Ctenophora  Comb Jellys  Not really jellyfish, but they look similar o Lack nitokites?  8 rows of cilia “comb rows”  “Sea Gooseberry”  Pleurobrachia pileus  2 cm in size, max  no real mouths, ‘oral lobes’ instead  eat copepods, larvae, smaller plankton  Reflect light off of cones  Close to surface  Two layers of skin o Protective slim from glands  Food goes in and out the same way (gross!)  Tentacles to catch prey (no sting, but sticky)  Hermaphrodite: both male and female sex organs.

Mullusca  Mollusks are diverse  Latin for soft  Squids and octopus  Snails and clams have a hard shell, soft inside  Found in all habitats, ecologically successful.  Freshwater and land  Heart, gonads, kidney organs  Normal digestive tract form mouth to anus (butt hole)  Soft body is shared trait of all mollusks  8 classes o Gastropods: snails, sea slugs o Clam, mussels, scallops, oysters o Cephalopods: Squid, octopus o Three other classes (fossilized)  160,000 known species  Continue to grow and expand because they can adapt well  Fossilize well because of hard shell.

Anthropoda  Arthropod, Greek for ‘joint’  Segmented body  Apendage at each joint, connecting to body  Ventral nervous system  Dorsal heart  Exoskeleton  Larges phylum: 10 million species  Lots of habitats: salt and fresh water, and land  12 foot leg span in larger size, or as small as plankton  feed, sense, and defend with appendages  Ghost crab (Ocyprode quddrata) or Sand Crab, dig and move up to 10 mph, sharp 360 degree vision.

Echinodermata  Sand Dollars and Sea cumbers  Internal, water filled canals  Five-fold symmetry  Sand Dollars move when they are alive, moves water past mouth  External fertilize  7000 current species  10,000 extinct  Predators: Star Fish

Marine worms  Annelida segmented worm family  species  Body cavity is unique to this phylum  Closed circulatory system in each segment, can operate independently  Digestive tract from mouth to anus  Bristles along the body, marine worms have Polychaete (Large Bristled in Latin) o Used for movement and respiration  Land worms descended from marine worms  Some drift like plankton

 Sense organs and jaws on some worms  1 mm to 3 m long  sexual or asexual reproduction  hydro thermal vent environments  burrowed in coral reefs  Tube Worm: colorful, on coral reefs, large groups, eat brine shrimp  Peanut Worm: gross, eat rotifers  Predators: crab, fish, other crustations (crabs, lobsters) Marine Worms continued