PED 392 Child Growth and Development

 Chromosomes  Each person has 46, 23 from Mom, 23 from Dad  Genotype - The genes inherited from the parents  Phenotype – The actual expression of those genes

 Cystic Fibrosis – Breathing difficulties  Hemophilia – lack of clotting agent  Huntington's – degenerative CNS  Muscular dystrophy – degenerative muscular disease  Sickle Cell anemia – abnormal red blood cells; infection

 Ultrasound – Sound waves can show pictures  Amniocentesis – sample of amniotic fluid  Alpha Fetoprotien (AFP) testing – sample of mothers blood; detects defects.

 Difference between genotypes and Phenotypes  Children with the same genotype can respond with different phenotypes given different environmental factors (being raised differently)

 Processing of sensory information by the brain  Visual  Born legally blind  6 muscles in each eye  Auditory  Well developed at birth  Can hear around 6-7 months prenatal – read to them  Taste, Smell, Touch  Born with “sweet tooth”  Respond to smells (good / bad)  Reflexes

 Blind  Deaf  ADHD (only 7% of students)  Physical  Autism (3-6 out of 1000)

 Reflexes  Gross Motor Skills  Fine Motor Skills  Chart on page gives sequence of motor skill development

 Cephalocaudal – Head down  Proximal-distal – Center outward

 Physical size  Height  Weight  Nutrition  Sleep  Puberty

 When a child becomes capable of sexual reproduction.  Physical changes  Breasts / testes grow  Pubic Hair grows  Height spurt  Menarche for women  Growth of penis, facial hair and change of voice  Chart on page 105.

 Different than peers  Additional attention if early  Made fun of if late  Changes in self esteem  Self confidence issues

 Obesity  On the rise  1/3 obese  2/3 overweight  Anorexia – Not eating or excessive exercise  Bulimia – Binge & Purge

 Substance abuse  Sexuality and Pregnancy  Depression and Suicide