Do Now: List and describes the immune response

Primarily involve White Blood Cells (WBC’s). Phagocytes: a. Phagocytes: engulf or ingest foreign invaders b. Lymphocytes b. Lymphocytes : more specific in targeting invaders 1. b cells: creates antibodies 2. helper T cells: coordinates response kill 3. T cells: kill infected cells

1. Recognition White blood cells called _______________ “patrol” the blood looking for pathogens. Pathogens are recognized/identified by their surface structures called ________________ antigens Lymphocytes

2. Antibody Production Once the pathogen is identified antibodies are produced which attach to the antigens on the pathogen to prevent__________________ spreading of pathogen Antibodies are produced by the B-cells

3. Destruction of Pathogen Once surrounded by antibodies the T-cells/Killer T-cells destroy the pathogen by engulfing it through the process of ___________________ Phagocytosis

4. Memory Memory B cells “remember” the antibodies needed to fight this particular pathogen in case of future invasion

Immunity that you gain during your life time Immunity that your are born with due to genetics factors in your DNA

When you produce your own antibodies Natural: When you are exposed to the pathogen and you body make the necessary antibodies Artificial: When you are Immunized which prompts your body to produce the antibodies

When you receive ready-made antibodies Natural: When you receive maternal antibodies from _________________________ breast milk during infancy Artificial: When you receive antibodies from another source usually through ________________ antibiotics

The process in which an individual gains immunity against a specific pathogen due to the injection of a vaccine A solution that contains a weakened form of a specific pathogen or dead form of a specific pathogen that is injected into the bloodstream to prompt an immune response

Describe how the flu vaccine protects the human body. In your answer be sure to: Identify the substance in the flu vaccine that stimulates immunity (1) State how the human immune system reacts to the vaccine (1) State one reason the flu vaccine does not protect from viral diseases such as measles. (1) Do Now:

1)A.I.D.S: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by HIV. Human Immune Virus – the virus attacks the Killer T-cells, causing the body to be unable to fight disease. Once infected, a person can be re- infected with a different strain

when the immune system causes an overreaction to an antigen Results: increase production of histamines, which causes discomfort. Histamines increase blood flow and fluids to surrounding areas causing sneezing, runny nose and other irritations. Treatment - Antihistamines

When the body goes through the immune response process and “recognizes” a pathogen (the new organ), resulting in immune action. Results – the organ is destroyed by the person’s immune system

organ recipient is given immunosuppressant drugs. Side effects of immunosuppressant drugs: Person is vulnerable to other diseases due to lack of functioning immune system. Prevention

When the body is unable to distinguish “itself”. Body actually begins to attack itself, causing damage to tissues leading to other malfunctions.

a.Multiple Sclerosis b.Lupus c.Juvenile diabetes d.Arthritis e.Cancer

The presence of parasites in an animal will usually result in 1.an increase in meiotic activity within structures of the host 2.the inability of the host to maintain homeostasis 3.the death of the host organism within twenty-four hours 4.an increase in genetic mutation rate in the host organism