COMMON SENSE IS LIKE DEODORANT, THE PEOPLE WHO NEED IT THE MOST NEVER USE IT.

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Presentation transcript:

COMMON SENSE IS LIKE DEODORANT, THE PEOPLE WHO NEED IT THE MOST NEVER USE IT.

WHAT IS AN ACID?

A SUBSTANCE THAT PRODUCES HYDROGEN IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER.

WHAT IS A BASE?

A SUBSTANCE THAT PRODUCES HYDROXIDE IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN ACID.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID, HCl

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A BASE.

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

WHAT MAKES AN ACID OR A BASE A STRONG ACID OR BASE?

THEY DISSOCIATE COMPLETELY IN SOLUTION. A STRONG ACID DISSOCIATES INTO HYDROGEN ION AND THE ANION OF THE ACID. HCl  H + + Cl - A STRONG BASE DISSOCIATES INTO HYDROXIDE ION AND THE CATION OF THE BASE. NaOH  Na + + OH -

WHAT MAKES AN ACID A WEAK ACID OR A BASE A WEAK BASE?

THEY ONLY PARTIALLY DISSOCIATE (BREAK APART) IN SOLUTION.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A WEAK ACID.

ACETIC ACID (VINEGAR IS ~3% ACETIC ACID.)

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A WEAK BASE.

AMMONIA IS A WEAK BASE NH 3 + H 2 O  NH OH -

WHAT SCALE IS USED TO MEASURE THE ACIDITY OR BASCITY OF SOLUTIONS?

THE pH SCALE

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF A NEUTRAL SOLUTION?

7

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF A BASIC SOLUTION?

GREATER THAN 7

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF AN ACIDIC SOLUTION?

LESS THAN 7

GIVE 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACID.

1)THEY HAVE A SOUR TASTE 2)THEY TURN BLUE LITMUS RED 3)THEY REACT WITH BASES TO PRODUCE WATER AND A SALT 4)THEY REACT WITH ACTIVE METALS TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN 5)THEY REACT WITH CARBONATES TO RELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE GAS

GIVE 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF A BASE.

1)THEY HAVE A BITTER TASTE 2)THEY FEEL SLIPPERY 3)THEY TURN RED LITMUS BLUE 4)THEY REACT WITH ACIDS TO PRODUCE A SALT AND WATER 5)THEY REACT WITH MOST METAL CATIONS TO FORM A PRECIPITATE

WHAT CAUSES ACID RAIN?

OXIDES OF SULFUR AND NITROGEN PRODUCED FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES (COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS AND CARS AND TRUCKS)

WHY IS ACID RAIN IMPORTANT?

THERE IS A NARROW RANGE THAT FISH AND OTHER ORGANISMS IN STREAM CAN TOLERATE.

HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE THE pH OF A WATER SAMPLE?

BY USING INDICATOR DYES OR pH ELECTRODES.