Windows Server 2003 硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列 林寶森

What Is Disk Management? A snap-in located in Computer Management Use to view disk information and perform disk management tasks on local and remote computers Enables you to perform most disk-related tasks without shutting down the system or interrupting users

Using Disk Management compmgmt - [Computer Management (Local)\Storage\Disk Management] Action View Volume (C:) Layout Partition Type Basic Computer Management (Local) System Tools Storage Removable Storage Disk Defragmenter Logical Drives Disk Management Server Applications and Services Disk Management Disk 0 Basic 3.02 GB Online (C:) 1.37 GB NTFS Healthy (System) Refresh Rescan Disks Restore Basic Disk Configuration… New All Tasks View Help Open Explore Change Drive Letter and Path… Format… Delete Partition… Properties Help Mark Partition Active Upgrade to Dynamic Disk… Properties Help Select disk Select partition or volume

Organizing a Basic DiskH: G: F: E: D: C: F: E: D: C: -OR--OR- Primary partitions Up to four primary partitions Up to three primary partitions and one extended partition with logical drives Extended partition with logical drives

Creating Partitions and Drives Creating a partition Creating a logical drive

Assigning Drive Letters Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 C: I: F: G: H: D: E: Assigned Primary Logical

Changing a Drive Letter

What Is a Mounted Drive? Is assigned a path rather than a drive letter Can unify different file systems on a logical drive Allows you to add more drives without using up drive letters

Creating a Mount Point Before adding a mount point After adding a mount point

Purpose of a Mounted Drive Adds volumes to systems without adding separate drive letters for each new volume –Disk Management assigns a drive path to the drive rather than a drive letter –Drive paths retain their association to the drive –Add or rearrange storage devices without the drive path failing Increases number of drives, not storage space Manages data storage based on working environment and system usage

Deleting a Partition

Disk Storage Types Simple volume Basic Storage Extended partition with logical drives H: G: F: E: D: C: F: E: D: C: -or--or- Primary partitions Dynamic Storage Spanned volume Mirrored volume RAID-5 volume Striped volume

Basic Disks vs. Dynamic Disks DiskBenefits Basic disks Use to create segregated space to organize data Can be divided into up to 4 primary partitions, or up to 3 primary partitions and one extended partition Dynamic disks Use to create volumes that span multiple disks No limit on the number of volumes per disk Use to create fault-tolerant disks that ensure data integrity when hardware failures occur

Converting a Basic Disk to a Dynamic Disk Disk Management DiskPart

Results of Dynamic Disk Conversion Can convert a disk from basic to dynamic storage at any time without losing data Dynamic disks are associated with Disk Groups –Disk Groups help you organize dynamic disks –Each disk in a Disk Group stores replicas of the same configuration data –Windows initializes the disk with a Disk Group identity and a copy of the current Disk Group configuration Existing partitions on the basic disk become volumes Dynamic disks can be reverted back to basic disks –Disk structure and data is not maintained –Back up data before reverting

Creating a Volume A simple volume resides on a single dynamic disk To create a spanned or striped volume, you must have two or more dynamic disks

Creating Simple Volumes Simple Volumes: Contain Space on a Single Disk Can Use NTFS, FAT, or FAT32 Can be created only on dynamic disks Are Created with the Create Volume Wizard Can Be Extended if Formatted as NTFS Can Be Mirrored

Extending a Volume Created by extending onto unallocated space on the same disk or a different disk You cannot extend a volume that contains a system or boot volume

Creating Spanned Volumes 3994 MB Unallocated New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy Disk 1 Dynamic 4094 MB Online 3994 MB Unallocated New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy Disk 2 Dynamic 4094 MB Online Empty Free space combined into one logical volume Data written to first disk until full, then to next disk in volume Empty Data

RAID Systems Hardware Disk Array Supports –RAID –RAID RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 2 RAID 3 RAID 4 Disk striping Disk mirroring Disk striping with error-correction code (ECC) Disk striping with ECC stored as parity Disk striping large blocks; parity stored on one drive RAID 5 Disk striping with parity distributed across multiple drives = Software Implementations of RAID Supported by Windows Server 2003

Creating Striped Volumes 3994 MB Unallocated New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy Disk 1 Dynamic 4094 MB Online 3994 MB Unallocated New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy Disk 2 Dynamic 4094 MB Online 64 KB Free space combined into one logical volume Data written across all disks in 64-KB units

How Striped Volume Works Disk 3Disk 1Disk 2

RAID 1: Mirrored Volume C: D: E: Disk 0Disk 1 Fault Tolerance Driver Ftdisk.sys F: D : G: ´

Raid 5: Stripe Sets with Parity Parity Disk 3Disk 4Disk 5Disk 1Disk 2 Parity Information Parity

Raid 1 vs. Raid 5 Mirrored Volume RAID-5 Volume Supports FAT and NTFS Can mirror system or boot partition Requires two hard disks Has higher cost per megabyte (50 percent utilization) Has good read and write performance Uses less system memory Supports FAT and NTFS Cannot stripe system or boot partition Requires minimum of three hard disks Has lower cost per megabyte Has moderate write performance Has excellent read performance Has moderate write performance Has excellent read performance Requires more system memory Supports up to 32 hard disks

Recovering a Failed Mirrored Volume When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the mirrored volume, replace the failed disk and reestablish the mirrored volume Recover a disk identified as Offline, Missing, or Online (Errors) Disk 1Disk 2 D:D': Reactivate Disk D:D': Add Mirror Disk 1 Disk 2 Remove Mirror

Creating a Fault Tolerance Boot Disk Test the boot disk Modify Boot.ini Copy the necessary files Format a disk using Windows Server BootDisk BootDisk Boot.ini BootDisk

Understanding ARC Paths No BIOS multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2) multi(0) rdisk(0)rdisk(1)disk(0) partition(1) partition(2) partition(1) partition(2) partition(1) scsi(0)

Recovering a Failed RAID-5 Volume When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the RAID-5 volume, replace the failed disk and regenerate the RAID-5 volume Recover a disk identified as Offline, Missing, or Online (Errors) Parity Disk 1Disk 2 Parity Disk 3 Parity Reactivate Disk Parity Regenerate Volume on New Disk Replace Failed Disk Disk 1Disk 2Disk 3

Managing Volumes on Disks Deleting Spanned Volume and Striped Volume –Deleting a spanned volume or striped volume deletes all of the data that the volume contains –You can delete entire volume only Repairing and Deleting RAID-5 Volume –Repairing a RAID-5 volume requires additional disk with sufficient free space –Deleting a RAID-5 volume deletes all data that the volume contains –You can delete entire RAID-5 volume only

Adding Disks Adding a New Disk Adding Disks from Other Computers Failed: Incomplete Volume and Failed Redundancy Mean Disk is Missing from Volume Refresh Rescan Disks Restore Basic Disk Configuration… New All Tasks View Help Disk 0 Basic 1908 MB Online CDRom 0 CDRom No Media Import Foreign Disk

What Is a Foreign Disk? A dynamic disk when moved to a local computer from another computer running: –Windows 2000 Professional and Server family –Windows XP Professional –Windows Server 2003 family A disk moved within the same system, in some cases A disk moved from a disk group to another computer that contains its own disk group can be displayed as a foreign disk

Moving Dynamic Disks When moving a dynamic disk, select import foreign disk to update the dynamic database on the newly added disk When moving multi-disk volumes, move all disks in the volume at the same time Moving a disk