Adulthood zSegment 23 on DVD (“Stages of Adult Development”)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development Approximate age StageDescription of Task Adolescence Identity vs. roleTeenagers work at refining a sense of self by (teens into confusiontesting roles and then integrating them to 20s)form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are. Young Adult Intimacy vs.Young adults struggle to form close relation- (20’s to early isolation ships and to gain the capacity for intimate 40s) love, or they feel socially isolated. Middle Adult Generativity vs. The middle-aged discover a sense of contri- (40s to 60s) stagnation buting to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. Late Adult Integrity vs.When reflecting on his or her life, the older (late 60s and despairadult may feel a sense of satisfaction or up)failure.

Adulthood -- satisfaction zMultinational surveys show that age differences in life satisfaction are trivial (Inglehart, 1990). zAdults mostly feel “generativity” and “integrity” Percentage “satisfied” with life as a whole Age group

Adulthood zFreud and Erikson focus on two main areas for adults: Love and Work. What’s missing? yParenting yPlay ySelf-improvement yetc…

Adulthood--Physical Changes zThe Aging Senses Proportion of normal (20/20) vision when identifying letters on an eye chart Age in years

Adulthood--Physical Changes zThe Aging Senses Percent correct when Identifying smells Age in years

Adulthood--Physical Changes and over Fatal accident rate Age Fatal accidents per 10,000 drivers Fatal accidents per 100 million miles

Adulthood--Cognitive Changes z(Crook & West, 1990) Age group Percent of names recalled After one introductions After two introductions Older age groups have poorer performance After three introductions

Adulthood--Cognitive Changes zCross-Sectional method suggests decline zLongitudinal method suggests more stability Age in years Reasoning ability score Cross-sectional method Longitudinal method Cross-sectional method suggests decline Longitudinal method suggests more stability

Adulthood -- IQ Intelligence (IQ) score Age group Nonverbal scores decline with age Verbal scores are stable with age Verbal scores Nonverbal scores

Adulthood—Cognitive changes zIncidence of dementia by age Risk of dementia increases in later years Age Group 40% Percentage with dementia

Adulthood—Cognitive changes zAlzheimer’s Disease ya progressive and irreversible brain disorder – most common form or dementia ycharacterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, social abilities, and finally, physical functioning Video (Larry Gorrell – Ab Psy tape #10)

Alzheimer’s cortex

Alzheimer’s zBeta-amyloid yProtein collects in clumps or plaques in the cortex in between neurons – damages or kills the neurons zNeurofibrillary tangles yProtein filaments IN the neurons get twisted; interferes with neural communication and eventually kills the neurons