True or false? You can’t get pregnant the first time you have sex.

True or false? You can’t get pregnant the first time you have sex. FALSE

True or false? Sperm can live for up to 3 days inside a woman’s body.

True or false? Sperm can live for up to 3 days inside a woman’s body. TRUE

True or false? You can’t get pregnant if you have sex standing up

True or false? You can’t get pregnant if you have sex standing up FALSE

True or false? Boys start to have wet dreams when they reach puberty

True or false? Boys start to have wet dreams when they reach puberty TRUE

True or false? Condoms help to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

True or false? Condoms help to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. TRUE

True or false? Girls should not swim or play sport during their period.

True or false? Girls should not swim or play sport during their period. FALSE

True or false? A baby girl has eggs already inside her.

True or false? A baby girl has eggs already inside her. TRUE

True or false? Taking the pill means you can’t get pregnant.

True or false? Taking the pill means you can’t get pregnant. FALSE

True or false? You can’t get pregnant during a period.

True or false? You can’t get pregnant during a period. FALSE

True or false? The pill stops you from getting diseases

True or false? The pill stops you from getting diseases FALSE

Nottingham Forest won the UEFA Champions league in 1979 and 1980

TRUE

Let’s start at the very beginning

Sexual reproduction Requires two parents, a male and female.

Sexual reproduction Both have sex organs

What do sex organs make?

Sexual reproduction The sex organs make sex cells (gametes)

What are male sex cells called? In plants? In animals?

Sexual reproduction In male animals the sex cells are called sperm, made in sex organs called testes (testis is singular) I can stay alive in the vagina for up to 3 days waiting for an egg to be released. In plants the sex cells are called pollen.

What are the female sex cells called?

Sexual reproduction In female animals the sex cells are called eggs, made in sex organs called ovaries. An egg is released from the ovaries about every 28 days. This is called ovulation.

Whta is it called when a sperm meets an egg?

Sexual reproduction During sexual reproduction the sperm and egg join together (fertilisation) I will die after about 2 days if not fertilised.

External fertilisation In some animals fertilisation takes place outside the body. What is the disadvantage of this?

External fertilisation In some animals fertilisation takes place outside the body. Some sperm may get washed away so I produce a lot of eggs so at least some get fertilised.

External fertilisation In some animals fertilisation takes place outside the body. I don’t look after my eggs either so many get killed before they have chance to develop into fish.

Male and female sex organs

Could you label the diagrams?

Menstruation

When do girls’ periods start?

When? Girls usually start to have their periods between 8 and 15 years old.

What happens during a period?

What? During a period, the lining of the uterus breaks down and a small amount of blood and cells passes out of the vagina. This is called menstruation.

New egg After a period, a new egg starts to develop in the ovary.

Thickening lining Whilst the egg is developing, the lining of the uterus starts to thicken with blood vessels and glands.

Freedom! When the egg is ready it is released from the ovary. What is this called? ¡Estoy libre!

Freedom! When the egg is ready it is released from the ovary. This is called ovulation. ¡Estoy libre!

The journey The egg travels down the oviduct. It needs to be fertilised by a sperm within about 2 days Fertilisation occurs in the oviduct (if sperm are present)

What happens if the egg is NOT fertilised?

Not fertilised? If the egg is not fertilised by a sperm it dies and is passed out of the vagina along with the uterus lining and we start again!

Fertilised What happens if the egg IS fertilised?.

Fertilised If the egg is fertilised by a sperm the fertilised egg implants itself in the thick uterus. The woman is pregnant.

Time line

During a period When the blood passes out of the vagina a woman may catch the blood in towels

During a period or she may insert a tampon

Between the ages of about 45 and 55 a woman’s periods stop. What is this called?

Menopause Between the ages of about 45 and 55 a woman’s periods stop. This is called the menopause.

The Menstrual Cycle What can you remember?

TRUE or FALSE? A woman normally has a period every 23 days

TRUE or FALSE? A woman normally has a period every 23 days It is normally every 28 days

TRUE or FALSE? Menstruation is the name for when the egg is released from the ovary ¡Estoy libre!

TRUE or FALSE? Menstruation is the name for when the egg is released from the ovary This is called OVULATION

TRUE or FALSE? If sperm are present the egg is normally fertilised in the oviduct

TRUE or FALSE? If sperm is present the egg is normally fertilised in the oviduct

TRUE or FALSE? A woman stops producing eggs between the ages of 45 and 55. This is called menstruation.

TRUE or FALSE? A woman stops producing eggs between the ages of 45 and 55. This is called menstruation. This is called the MENOPAUSE

TRUE or FALSE? An egg is released roughly halfway between periods (after about 14 days)

TRUE or FALSE? An egg is released roughly halfway between periods (after about 14 days)

Sexual reproduction During sexual reproduction the sperm and egg join together (fertilisation)

Sexual reproduction A fertilised egg is produced.

Sexual reproduction The egg cell begins to divide forming a ball of cells. Stem cells – have the potential to become any type of cell

Sexual reproduction It may take several days to reach the uterus and be implanted in the soft lining. It is now an embryo.

Sexual reproduction Finger–like projections grow into the uterus forming a plate like structure. What is this structure called? After 8 weeks I am called a fetus.

Sexual reproduction Finger–like projections grow into the uterus forming a plate like structure called the placenta. After 8 weeks I am called a fetus.

What joins the placenta to the fetus?

Sexual reproduction The umbilical cord joins the fetus to the placenta.

Umbilical cord What moves along the umbilical cord from the mother to the baby and from the baby to the mother?

The placenta In the placenta food and oxygen diffuse from the mother’s blood to the fetus’ blood, and carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse the other way.

The placenta In the placenta the blood of the fetus flows close to the blood of the mother, but they do not mix. Why?

The placenta In the placenta the blood of the fetus flows close to the blood of the mother, but they do not mix. The mother’s blood under higher pressure would burst the vessels in the developing fetus. They may have different blood types.

Amnion The fetus is surrounded by a fluid-filled sac (amnion) filled with amnionic fluid. This protects the baby.

Week 8 Baby's spinal column are beginning to form around week 5 Heart is beating Lungs are formed Eyes and ears are developing All internal organs are in place by week 8 Genital organs are visible

Week 12 Inner ear, external ears, eyes, mouth and nose are developing Heart is pumping blood to all parts of the body

Week 16 Baby is now completely formed From now on, growth will be rapid Heartbeat can be heard with ultrasound Baby's weight has more than doubled from week 15 to week 16 Baby is moving quite vigorously

Week 20 Baby is covered in fine hair Muscles are developing rapidly Teeth are beginning to form Hair is growing on baby's head Baby is very active

Week 24 Baby can suck its thumb Baby can hiccup and cough Baby weighs just over 1 pound With special care I could survive if born now

Week 28 Vernix coats the baby's skin Baby's lungs are mature Fat is starting to accumulate Baby weighs approximately 2 pounds

Week 32 Most babies are in the head down position Baby weighs approximately 3.5 pounds

Week 36 Baby continues to gain weight The irises of the eyes are now blue Baby weighs approximately 5 pounds

Week 40 Most of the vernix on the baby is gone Baby's eyes are open and it can distinguish light

Time to leave!

Puberty/adolescence Between the ages of 10 and 15 changes will start to happen to your bodies

Puberty/adolescence This is you changing from a child to an adult

Puberty/adolescence Puberty is controlled by sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes

Puberty/adolescence Girls normally start puberty before boys

What happens?

Girls and Boys?

Girls and boys Underarm and pubic hair will start to grow

Girls and boys Stronger body smell

Girls and boys Acne (spots)

Girls and boys Growth spurts

Girls and boys Growth spurts

Girls and boys Emotional changes!

Girls only?

Girls only Breasts develop

Girls only Ovaries start to release eggs (periods start)

Girls only Hips get wider

Boys only?

Boys only Shoulders widen

Boys only Voice deepens (“breaks”)

Boys only Hair start to grow on face and chest

Boys only Testes and penis get bigger

Boys only Testes start to produce sperm (“wet dreams” may start)

That’s it!!