CHAPTER 2: ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE SECTION 1: FOUNDING THE AMERICAN COLONIES
AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS FRENCH --Fur Trade Quebec, Canada—Trading Post Mississippi River & Louisiana DUTCH—New Amsterdam-NYC Trading Colony/Ports SPANISH-- Catholic Missions Santa Fe, NM-Protect Territory
VIRGINIA COLONY VA Joint Stock Company gets charter—goal is profit Jamestown-first permanent English settlement in North America—1607
VIRGINIA COLONY Starvation/Clashes with Indians/No Gold John Smith-- leader forced settlers to farm John Rolfe -->Tobacco=Cash Crop
Virginia Government Land-Owning colonists got the right to elect Burgesses--Representatives vote on laws 1 st Legislature
PILGRIMS Group given land in VA colony—to come and worship freely Mayflower lands at Plymouth in New England (MA) Mayflower Compact—Set up Civil Government
Massachusetts Founded by Puritans—Capital Boston Adult male owns property & church member could vote Barred other faiths
Connecticut 1 st written Constitution--1639
Rhode Island Puritan Minister--Roger Williams founder Policies of Religious toleration Safe place for dissenters
New York England takes over in 1664—Desire for Wealth Given to Duke of York Commercial Port
Pennsylvania William Penn—1680 Quakers fleeing persecution Holy Experiment of Toleration & Equality
Maryland Catholic—Lord Baltimore Act of Toleration—right of Catholics & Protestants to worship freely
Carolinas King Charles gave colony to court members Colonists push for greater role in gov’t ↓ Splits Carolina in 1729
Georgia Last Colony founded—1733 Place for English Debtors to make a fresh start Military buffer from Spain
SECTION 2: LIFE IN COLONIAL AMERICA “COLONIES AS DIFFERENT AS FIRE & WATER”
COLONIAL SECTIONS NEW ENGLAND— NH, MA, CT, RI Fishing, Ships, Timber: Boston=Business MIDDLE—NY, PA, NJ, DE Farming NYC/PHILLY (Ports) Diversity SOUTH—MD, VA, SC, NC, GA Small Farmers/Plantations
Great Awakening Religious Revival in the 1730s & 1740s New England & Middle Colonies ↓ Effect was greater Religious & Political Freedom; Belief in Equality
EDUCATION & THE PRESS Education valued—First Colleges (Ivy League) Closely related to religion Press—Right & Responsibility to print the truth
Government in Colonies Colonies changed into Royal Colonies ↓ Direct British (largest trade empire) Control ↓ Mercantilism Trade Laws (only buy British goods & export through Britain) ↓ Colonists Resistance (Smuggling)