Identify the three basic phases of matter

What are the 3 primary phases of matter? Solid, liquid, gas What is the fourth phase? Plasma?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What is a solid? Definition: has definite shape and volume Name some examples of solids!

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What is a liquid? Definition: has definite volume, but not shape takes the shape of its container Name some examples of liquids!

What is a gas? A gas has NEITHER definite volume, nor definite shape. Its volume depends on its container, if it has one AND if the container is closed! Example: What happen to the helium in a balloon after it bursts? Name some examples of gases!

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What is solid water made up of? Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen What is liquid water made up of? Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen What is water gas made up of? Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen

AIM: What are the phases of matter? QUESTION: If a solid, and a liquid, and a gas are all made up of the same Molecules … then how do we get different phases of matter? It depends on the energy the molecules contain in each phase!

Note: Holt O/H #206 Solid liquid gas

AIM: What are the phases of matter? SOLIDS: have less energy particles vibrate --- are very close together

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What is a solid? IN a solid, the particles of matter are tightly packed together. The particles cannot change position easily. The particles only vibrate back and forth in the same position.

AIM: What are the phases of matter? LIQUIDS: have a little more energy particles vibrate more --- therefore substance does not have a definite shape

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What is a liquid? Liquids are able to change shape, because the particles of the liquid are not in fixed positions. The particles vibrate more than the particles of a solid.

AIM: What are the phases of matter? GAS: have the most energy particles vibrate a lot --- therefore substance has no definite shape and no definite volume

AIM: What are the phases of matter? GAS: the more energy (heat), the more it vibrates, the more it spreads apart

What is a gas? Definition: The particles of a gas are in constant motion. The particles of a gas are much further spread apart than in a solid or a liquid

AIM: What are the phases of matter? The energy of a molecule: Is also called its kinetic energy. Which type of molecule has the most kinetic energy? (solid, liquid, or gas) Which type of molecule has the least kinetic energy? skip

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What happens when you add heat energy to a solid?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What happens to the molecules of the solid? How would you describe its kinetic energy? What happens when you add heat energy to a solid?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What happens when you add heat energy to a liquid?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What happens to the molecules of the liquid? How would you describe its change in kinetic energy? What happens when you add heat energy to a liquid?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? What happens if you remove the energy from the liquid?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? The liquid turns to a solid. The kinetic energy slows down The particles get closer together Can you really do that?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? I C E

What happens if you remove the energy from the gas?

AIM: What are the phases of matter? The gas turns into a liquid How would you describe the change in Kinetic Energy? How would you describe the change in vibration of the molecules?

Summary: Answer the Summary Questions AIM: What are the properties of matter?

1) How does temperature affect the volume of a gas? As temperature Volum e Pressure Size of balloon In a balloon, the particles of gas strike the walls more often because they move faster so the pressure increases making the balloon larger

2) What is Kinetic Energy? Energy in the form of motion. Ex: a sprinting runner, a moving wheel or fast moving particles that are too small to see

3) What is the kinetic theory of matter? Explains how particles behave in matter: –Matter made of small particles (atoms, molecules & ions) –Particles are in constant random motion –Particles collide with each other and the walls of their container

4) What allows gas to fill its container and take the container’s shape? They have enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces and spread apart.

5) Why do liquids flow? The extra kinetic energy found in liquids overcomes some of the attraction to other particles so they can slide and change shape.

6) What happens to a liquid when you add energy to it? If enough energy is added to overcome attractive forces, the liquid boils. That energy is called Heat of Vaporization.

7) How are kinetic energy and temperature related? Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.

8) What happens to a solid when you add energy to it? If you reach the melting point you added enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces holding particles in an orderly arrangement. That energy is called the heat of fusion.