Seeing Atoms in Action Middle School Lauren & Bobby

Objectives Determine the behavior of atoms with temperature (MS-PS1-3) Visualize the movement of atoms Demonstrate the different properties of water (MS-LS1-3) Compare adhesion, cohesion, and capillary action (MS-LS2-3)

Review: What is an Atom? Smallest unit of an element “If an apple was magnified to the size of the Earth, then the atoms in the apple would be approximately the size of the original apple” (Feynman, 1995). Composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons

Temperature Influences the speed atoms travel As temperature increases, the speed of atoms increases As temperature decreases, the speed of atoms decreases

Temperature Think of a pot of boiling water Question: What happens to the water when you turn up the heat on the stove? Why? Image From Microsoft Clip Art

Solid  What is a solid?  Rigid structure  Atoms are close together  Little movement Atoms

Liquid What is a liquid? ▫More movement of molecules ▫Molecules are still close together, but can slide ▫Takes the shape of the container ▫Definite volume Image From Microsoft Clip Art

Gas What is a gas? ▫Constant movement of molecules ▫Takes space of entire container ▫No definite volume ▫No definite shape

Increasing Temperature (Heating) Solid  Liquid (Add heat) ▫Example: Melting butter in a saucepan Liquid  Gas (Add heat) ▫Example: Boiling water

Decreasing Temperature (Cooling) Gas  Liquid (Cooling) ▫Condensation on the mirror after a shower Liquid  Solid (Cooling) ▫Making Jell-O SolidLiquid Gas Heat decreases

Mini Lab Image From Microsoft Clip Art

Capillary Action

Water What does it mean to be adhesive? What does it mean to be cohesive?

Adhesion of Water The ability of water to stick to another surface An example of adhesion is when a water droplet sticks to the leaf of a tree

Cohesion of water Unique property that makes it possible for water to stick to itself Ex. Water droplet

Surface tension Contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force (science.yourdictionary.com).

Capillary Action Is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to external forces like gravity. (science.yourdictionary.com) Both adhesion and cohesion allow for this to occur Ex. The xylem of wood plants is used to get water from the roots of the plant to the leaves. The way this is done is through capillary action.

Other examples of Capillary Action Paint brush- to pick up paint Cleaning up a spill with paper towels Release tears from ducts of the eye