Genetics of Blood Types Your blood type is established before you are BORN, by specific GENES inherited from your parents. You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one from your FATHER. These genes determine your blood type by causing proteins called AGGLUTINOGENS to exist on the surface of all of your red blood cells.

AA or AO = Type A BB or BO = Type B OO = Type O AB = Type AB What are blood types? There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type: A, B, & O. Since we have 2 genes, there are 6 possible combinations. Blood Types AA or AO = Type A BB or BO = Type B OO = Type O AB = Type AB http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm

How common is your blood type? 46.1% 38.8% 11.1% 3.9%

ABO inheritance and genetics The ABO gene is autosomal (the gene is not on either sex chromosomes) The ABO gene locus is located on the chromosome 9. A and B blood groups are dominant over the O blood group A and B group genes are co-dominant Each person has two copies of genes coding for their ABO blood group (one maternal and one paternal in origin)

one alleles from Mustafa and one from Sara. AUTOSOMAL CHROMOSOME The alleles for Blood group are in the same place on the chromosome 9. However the genes have a different code giving the different blood group A B Mustafa Sara one alleles from Mustafa and one from Sara.

What do co-dominant genes mean? This meant that if a person inherited one A group gene and one B group gene their red cells would possess both the A and B blood group antigens. These alleles were termed A ( which produced the A antigen ), B (which produced the B antigen) and O (which was "non functional"and produced no A or B antigen)

Possible Blood group Genotypes Parent Allele A B O

Possible Blood group Genotypes Parent Allele A B O AA AB AO BB BO OO

Giving someone blood from the wrong ABO group could be fatal. Why group A blood must never be given to a group B person?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Giving someone blood from the wrong ABO group could be fatal. The anti-A antibodies in group B attack group A cells and vice versa. Blood group O negative is a different story.

The ABO blood groups The most important in assuring a safe blood transfusion. The table shows the four ABO phenotypes ("blood groups") present in the human population and the genotypes that give rise to them. Blood Group Antigens on RBCs Antibodies in Serum Genotypes A Anti-B AA or AO B Anti-A BB or BO AB A and B Neither O Anti-A and anti-B OO

Blood Transfusions O A B AB A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body can't make blood properly because of an illness. Who can give you blood? People with TYPE O blood are called Universal Donors, because they can give blood to any blood type. People with TYPE AB blood are called Universal Recipients, because they can receive any blood type. Rh +  Can receive + or - Rh -  Can only receive - A B O AB Universal Donor Universal Recipient