Chordates Have a notochord at some stage in life. Have a dorsal tubular nerve cord ( spinal cord) Have pharyngeal gill slits at some stage in life Ventral Heart & closed circulatory systems

Chordate subphyla Urochordata- Tunicate sea squirt(Amocetes larvae) Cephalochordata- Amphioxus or lancelet hemichordata - acorn worm Vertebrata- animals with at least some vertebrae of bone or cartilage * 8 classes

AGNATHA JAWLESS PARASITE NOTOCHORD IS PRIMARY SUPPORT UNPAIRED FINS POILKIOTHERMIC- UNABLE TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT BODY TEMPERATURE OPEN GILLS 2 CHAMBERED HEART ANADROMOUS-RETURN TO FRESH WATER TO SPAWN

Agnatha cont. LATERAL LINE-senses vibrations in water

Open Gill Slits Pineal organ

Pineal Organ Senses light –direct migration and mating behavior according to seasonal changes in light

Notochord Gill

Notochord Dorsal rod-like support

Curved Horny Teeth

Round Circular Mouth

CHONDRICHTHYES

OVOVIVIPAROUS-BEAR LIVE YOUNG THAT ARE NOURISHED FROM YOLK SHARKS, RAYS, AND SKATES 2 CH. HEART, Poilkiothermic SPIRACLE, OPEN GILLS,

CARTILAGE SKELETON RECTAL GLAND- REMOVES SALT OIL CONTENT HIGH FOR BUOYANCY PLACOID SCALE-TOOTH LIKE

Spiracle Gill Slits

Spiracle Takes in water Gills are open Flap of skin folds back over but does not close as in body fish

Rectal Gland Removes Salt

Gill Raker and Lamellae

Raker -removes food and dirt Lamellae- rremoves oxygen from water and carbon dioxide from bloodgas is exchanged

OSTEICHTHYES OPERCULUM-GILL COVER BONY SKELETON SWIM BLADDER-buoyancy FLAT CTENOID OR CYCLOID SCALES MOST ARE OVIPAROUS-LAY EGGS

Ostiechthyes cont 2 CHAMBERED HEART LATERAL LINE-senses vibrations in water POILKIOTHERMIC

To Gills Oxygenated and Deoxygenated is mixed

Heart chambers Atria- collects and pushes blood into ventricle Ventricle- pumps blood to body or lungs

AMPHIBIA SMOOTH MOIST SKIN, POISON GLANDS & PIGMENT CELLS TETRAPODS ( MOSTLY) LACK CLAWS TYMPANUM & VOCAL SACS LUNGS, GILLS, & CUTANEOUS (SKIN ) BREATHING 3 CHAMBERED HEART POIKIOTHERMIC

Tympanum External ear drum Vocalize during courtship and for establishing a territory

REPTILIA Thick, dry keratinized scales with claws, four limbs Poilkiotherms( ectotherms) Amniote eggs- water built inside or ovoviviparous or oviparous Lungs Jacobson’s organ-smell or taste Infared Pit- heat sensation

Nictitating Membrane Second eyelid transparent

Four chambers with incomplete septum

AVES Feathers, beak, scales, keeled sternum, hollow bones, synsacrum, fused phalanges- wings, highest metabolism, crop, gizzard, and cloaca. Amniote Eggs Four heart chambers Homeotherm- constant body temp. Lungs with air sacs

Mammalia Homeothermic 4 Complete Heart Chambers Hair covers body Mammary Glands Mostly Viviparous- mostly placental

Adaptations for survival in Terrestrial Environments Skeleton Respiratory—Gills and cutaneous breathing to Lungs Circulatory– Separation of Heart chambers Sensory- lens, tympanum,touch receptors, Water Conservation- Amniote Egg has it’s own water and protection Marsupial and Placental Development – protection, Nourishment, and water.

Brain Regions Anterior to Posterior Olfactory-smell Cerebrum-thinking, learning Optic- vision Cerebellum-coordination and balance Medulla-breathing and heart beat regulation

Integument- thick keratinized scale, feathers and skin Prevent evaporation

Kidneys- kidneys become better able to conserve water by increasing their abilities to reabsorb water and eliminate increasing concentrated or altered nitrogen waste