A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 13 Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT

2A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition You Will Learn… About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 How to install and support Windows NT Workstation

3A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture Windows NT Introduced a new file system – NTFS – that is also used by Windows 2000/XP Windows 2000 Culmination of evolution of Microsoft OSs from 16-bit DOS OS to a true 32-bit, module- oriented OS Includes four operating systems (Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server) Windows XP Additional support for multimedia, PnP, and legacy software

4A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Modes

5A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition User Mode Processor mode in which programs:  Have only limited access to system information  Can access hardware only through other OS services Used by several subsystems Windows tools run primarily in user mode Applications relate by way of the Win32 subsystem

6A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Programs Interacting with Subsystems

7A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Kernel Mode Processor mode in which programs have extensive access to system information and hardware Used by two main components  HAL (hardware abstraction layer)  Executive services

8A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Networking Features Workgroups Domains Native mode and mixed mode (Windows 2000) Active Directory (Windows 2000)

9A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Workgroups Logical groups of computers and users that share resources  Each computer maintains a list of users and their rights on that particular PC Use peer-to-peer networking model

10A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition A Windows Workgroup

11A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Domains Groups of networked computers that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security Use client/server model Have a domain controller which stores and controls the SAM database (user, group, and computer accounts)

12A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition A Windows Domain

13A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Logon Default administrator account  Has the most privileges and rights  Can create user accounts and assign them rights

14A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives

15A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition A Choice of File Systems

16A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition A Choice of File Systems ( continued ) FAT uses three components to manage data on a logical drive  FAT  Directories  Data files NTFS uses a database called the master file table (MFT) as its core component

17A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Master File Table (MFT)

18A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Advantages of NTFS over FAT Recoverable Supports encryption and disk quotas (Windows 2000/XP only) Supports compression, mirroring drives, and large volume drives Provides added security when booting from floppy disks Uses smaller cluster sizes

19A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Advantages of FAT over NTFS Less overhead; best for hard drives < 500 MB Backward-compatibility with Windows 9x and DOS OSs Allows booting from a DOS or Windows 9x startup disk to access the drive

20A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Windows 2000 Professional Clean install  Overwrites all information from previous OS installations Upgrade installation Can be installed to be dual-booted with another OS

21A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Planning the Installation Verify minimum requirements  At least 650 MB free space on hard drive  At least 64 MB of RAM  133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU or higher Select file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32) Use the Microsoft Web site to verify components for Windows 2000: computer, peripheral hardware devices, and software

22A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers Consider where Windows 2000 installation files are stored  Convenience of putting them in the \i386 directory on a file server (distribution server) Options for installation  Unattended installation  Drive imaging (disk cloning) Know how to configure to access the network

23A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Upgrade or Clean Install? Clean install, erasing existing installations  Fresh start  Must reinstall applications software and restore data from backups Upgrading existing operating system  Applications, data, most OS settings are carried forward  Installation is faster Creating a dual boot  Not recommended between Windows 2000 and Windows NT

24A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 Considerations  Registries are incompatible  Run Check Upgrade Only mode of Windows 2000 Setup to check for compatibility

25A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 ( continued ) Hardware compatibility  Windows 2000 does not import drivers from Windows 9x  Windows 2000 deletes all Windows 9x system files and replaces them with Windows 2000 system files

26A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 ( continued ) Software compatibility  Windows 9x applications store registry data differently and may rely on APIs specific to Windows 9x

27A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 Considerations  If using NTFS, Setup automatically upgrades to Windows 2000 version of NTFS  If using FAT16 or Windows NT with third-party software that allows Windows NT to use FAT32, Setup asks whether you want to upgrade to NTFS

28A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 ( continued ) Hardware compatibility  Most hardware and drivers will work  Check HCL on the Microsoft Web site or run Check Upgrade Only mode of Setup

29A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 ( continued ) Software compatibility  Nearly all applications will run with some exceptions Antivirus software and third-party network software Some disk management tools Custom tools for power management Custom solutions that are workarounds for Windows NT not supporting PnP Software to monitor and control a UPS

30A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Steps to Install Windows 2000 Use Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe, both located in the \i386 directory Access CMOS setup and verify settings

31A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Clean Installation If PC is capable of booting from a CD  Insert the CD and turn on the PC  Setup Wizard appears If PC does not boot from a CD and you have a clean, empty hard drive  Create a set of Windows 2000 setup disks to boot the PC and to begin installation  Remaining installation is done from the CD

32A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Clean Install When Hard Drive Has an OS Installed Process if you use Windows 9x and the PC automatically detects a CD in the CD-ROM drive Process if the PC does not automatically recognize a CD

33A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Upgrade Installation Prepare for installation  Verify that all devices and applications are Windows 2000-compatible  Scan memory and hard drive for viruses  Back up critical system files and data files  Close all applications and disable virus-scanning software; decompress hard drive (if compressed)

34A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Upgrade Installation ( continued ) Perform the upgrade  Insert CD; Setup Wizard runs  Report phase  Setup phase Text mode GUI mode

35A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition After Installation: Backing Up the System State Download and install all OS service packs, updates, and patches Verify that all hardware works and install additional devices Create user accounts Install additional Windows components and applications Verify that the system functions properly and backup the system state

36A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Hardware and Applications Under Windows 2000 Add New Hardware Wizard automatically launches when new hardware is detected Software is best installed from Add/Remove Programs icon of Control Panel

37A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Hardware If device is PnP:If device is not PnP: Windows automatically: Identifies the device Determines and assigns system resources Configures the device Loads device drivers Informs system of configuration changes Use Add/Remove Hardware applet in Control Panel (administrative privileges required) May need to update device driver

38A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Updating a Device Driver

39A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Applications Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility looks different and provides more options:  Change or remove presently installed programs  Add new programs from CD, floppy disk, or from Microsoft over the Internet  Add or remove Windows components

40A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Applications ( continued )

41A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Supporting Windows NT Different ways to install Windows NT Troubleshooting the Windows NT boot process

42A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Windows NT as the Only OS Installation files are stored in the \i386 directory on CD-ROM drive If hard drive has no OS, boot from three start up disks; installation continues from CD To perform an upgrade to Windows NT:  Boot the OS  Execute Winnt.exe on the Windows NT CD

43A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Troubleshooting the Windows NT Boot Process If Windows NT boot loader menu appears, use Last Know Good configuration If unable to boot from hard drive, use three boot disks; select option “To repair a damaged Windows NT version 4.0 installation” Try reinstalling Windows NT in its current folder; tell Setup it is an upgrade Move hard drive to another system that runs Windows NT (last resort if using NTFS)

44A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Last Known Good Configuration A copy of hardware configuration from the registry that is saved by the OS each time it boots and the first logon is made with no errors Contained in the registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE Reverting to it causes loss of any changes made to hardware configuration since Last Known Good was saved

45A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Windows NT Boot Disks Three disks required to hold enough of Windows NT to boot Format a disk using Windows NT Explorer

46A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Creating Windows NT Boot Disks

47A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition The Windows NT Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) Contains information unique to the OS and hard drive Can be used to fix a problem with the OS Enables restoration of Windows registry on the hard drive, which contains all configuration information for Windows Also includes information used to build a command window to run DOS-like commands

48A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Files on the ERD

49A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a Failed Boot Boot disks to boot Windows NT ERD to recover critical system files on hard drive

50A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a Failed Boot ( continued )

51A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Summary Windows NT/2000/XP share the same basic architecture and have similar characteristics How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and software under Windows 2000 Windows NT installation and support