4.06 Understand the Reproductive Process and the Disorders of the Reproductive System

Reproductive process: Conception 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Reproductive process: Conception When the sperm and the egg unite Pregnancy occurs 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Reproductive process: Fertilization Union of male and female gametes to form a zygote from which the embryo develop = conception 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Reproductive process: Sex Chromosomes What makes a person a girl instead of a boy??? Sex Chromosomes! Boys are XY Girls are XX 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Reproductive Process: Pregnancy Conception to birth Normal gestational period = 40 weeks Terms to remember: Embryo 1-8 weeks Fetus 9-40 weeks Newborn At birth 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Reproductive process: Fetal Development 6-8 weeks 12-14 weeks 17-19 weeks 5-6 months 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Reproductive process: Labor Dilation stage The uterine smooth muscle begins to contract Contractions move the fetus down the uterus and cause the cervix to dilate The cervix is completely dilated at 10 centimeters Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions? Oxytocin! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Reproductive process: Labor Expulsion stage The baby is actually delivered Natural Cesarean What is an episiotomy? Why might it be necessary? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Reproductive process: Labor Placental stage The last stage of labor Also known as afterbirth Delivered due to final uterine contractions 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Ectopic pregnancy Tubal pregnancy, fertilized egg stays in the fallopian tube. Fallopian tube at risk to rupture, and cause life threatening hemorrhage. Requires emergency treatment. Symptoms: Light vaginal bleeding, N&V, sharp abdominal cramps. Laparoscopic surgery or emergency surgery. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Postpartum depression New mothers often feel restless, anxious, fatigued and worthless Some new moms worry they will hurt themselves or their babies Unlike the "baby blues” (first 2 weeks), postpartum depression does not go away quickly. Caused by: Hormonal changes aggravated by exhaustion from childbirth, stress, or lack of sleep in the early weeks of a newborn's life. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Infertility Unable to become pregnant after a year of trying If a woman keeps having spontaneous abortions, it is also called infertility In Vitro ZIFT GIFT 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Female contraception Abstinence Sterilization Tubal ligation Barrier methods Female condom Spermicides Diaphragm Cervical cap Contraceptive sponge Hormonal Methods Birth Control Pills (contains synthetic Estrogen & Progesterone) Depo-Provera Lunelle NuvaRing/Vaginal Ring Ortho Evra Patch/Birth Control Patch Intrauterine Device (IUD) 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Male contraception Abstinence Vasectomy Vas / ectomy (Vas deferens is severed) Permanent sterility Condoms Compare the benefits and concerns with each form of male contraception. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) Chlamydia Genital warts Gonorrhea Herpes HIV Syphilis Trichomonas Effects females and males. May or may not present symptoms. May or may not have a cure! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Example: Gonorrhea Bacterial STD Male symptoms: Painful urination, Yellow pus discharge from penis Female symptoms: None Treatment: Antibiotics for both partners 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Understand the Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Breast cancer The leading cause of death in woman between the ages of 32 and 52 Treatment Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Partial or full mastectomy Lumpectomy Abnormal Normal 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Breast cancer Life saving measures Monthly breast exams Mammogram Ultrasound These measures provides early detection and increased life expectancy for women. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Disorders of the female reproductive system Self breast exam Using a mirror, inspect your breasts with your arms at your sides Look for any changes in contour, swelling, dimpling of skin, or appearance of the nipple. Using the pads of your fingers, press firmly on your breast, checking the entire breast and armpit area. There are three patterns you can use to examine your breast: the circular, the up-and-down, and the wedge patterns. Gently squeeze the nipple of each breast and report any discharge to your doctor immediately. Examine both breasts lying down. To examine the right breast, place a pillow under your right shoulder and place your right hand behind your head. Using the pads of your fingers, press firmly, checking the entire breast and armpit area. 1 4 2 5 3 6 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Cervical Cancer Cancer of the Cervix. Causes and risk factors: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, having many sexual partners, smoking, taking birth control pills, and engaging in early sexual contact. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Cervical Cancer Sexually actively females should have an exam and screening with a Pap Smear annually for early detection of cervical cancer. Gardasil, protects against four HPV types, which together cause 70% of cervical cancers. What are the benefits of receiving the HPV vaccine? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Endometriosis Abnormal endometrial and scar tissue found outside of the uterus on ovaries and abdominal organs. Responds to hormonal changes each month and attempts to build a lining. Causing abdominal pain and excessive menstrual bleeding when lining sheds. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Endometriosis Can lead to permanent damage to the reproductive organs and sterility. Treatment includes laparoscopic surgery, hysterectomy, hormonal drugs, or menopause. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Mastitis Infection the breast, most frequently associated with breastfeeding. Symptoms: Breast redness, tenderness, swelling, fever. Causes: Bacteria, often from the baby's mouth, enter a milk duct through a crack in the nipple.  Treatment: Antibiotics 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Inflammation of reproductive organs. May be secondary to another infection such as Gonorrhea. Symptoms: Pain, high fever. Complications: Scarring of fallopian tubes. Treatment: Antibiotics, analgesics. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Toxic shock syndrome Inflammatory response as a result of tampon misuse. Caused by Staphylococcus bacteria. Symptoms: Fever, abdominal tenderness, hypotension, respiratory distress, and renal failure. Treatment: Antibiotics 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Vaginal yeast infection Overgrowth of fungus Candida. May result from antibiotic use which disrupts normal flora of the vagina. Symptoms: Vaginal itching, burning, and leukorrhea (white discharge). Not a sexually transmitted illness. However, sexual partners may be infected and need to be treated to prevent re-infection. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Vaginal yeast infection Treatment: Fungicidal cream or vaginal insert. Prevention: Avoid tight fitting pants or under-garments, feminine sprays, or douching. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Understand the Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Cryptorchidism Undescended testicle(s). Most common in premature babies. Risks: Fertility problems, increased risk testicular cancer, testicular torsion, inguinal hernia. If it doesn’t move into its proper position within the first few months of life, may require surgery. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Epididymitis Painful swelling and tenderness of the groin and scrotum accompanied by fever. Infection caused by sexual acquired bacteria, such as Gonorrhea or Chlamydia. Treatment: Antibiotics Treatment of sexual partner required also. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Erectile Dysfunction Also known as impotence. Failure of the penis to become rigid enough for intercourse to occur. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Enlarged prostate. Symptoms: Difficulty urinating, retention, UTI’s. Most common in men after 60. Prostate continues to grow throughout man’s life. Treatment: Regular exams, Prostatectomy in severe cases Is it cancer? No - Benign. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Prostate cancer Most common cancer in males over 50. Treatment: “Waitful Watching” Frequently slow growing and causes no problems. What are the reproductive side effects to treatment? Impotence 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Testicular cancer Cancer of testes. Most common cancer in males 15-34 years. Symptoms: Scrotal heaviness, back pain, and breast development. Risk factors: Undescended testicle(s), congenital abnormalities, History or family history of testicular cancer. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Testicular self-examination You should perform a testicular self-exam every month if you have any of the following risk factors: Family history of testicular cancer Past testicular tumor Undescended testicle You are a teenager or young adult Perform this test during or after a shower. This way, the scrotal skin is warm and relaxed. It's best to do the test while standing. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Testicular self-examination 1.Gently feel your scrotal sac to locate a testicle. 2.Hold the testicle with one hand while firmly but gently rolling the fingers of the other hand over the testicle to examine the entire surface. 3.Repeat the procedure with the other testicle. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system