Tools and Measurement Chapter 1 Section 4

Vocabulary Meter - the basic SI unit of length. Area - the measure of how much surface an object has. Volume - the amount of space that something occupies or, the amount of space that something contains. Mass - the amount of matter that something is made of. Density - the amount of matter in a given volume. Temperature - the measure of how hot or cold something is.

Would you use a hammer to tighten a bolt on a bicycle? You need the right tool to do the job. Scientists also use tools to help them in their experiments. A tool is anything that helps you do a task.

There are... Tool for Measuring  Stopwatches  Metersticks  Balances  Spring Scales  Thermometers  Graduated Cylinders Tools for Analyzing  Calculator  Computer  Graphs and Charts  Pencil and Paper

Measurement Reliable measurements are an important skill in science. There are many different systems of measurement used throughout the world.  In England, the standard for an inch was three grains of barley.  Other units were based on body parts (foot).  These systems were not reliable or standardized.

The International System of Units International System of Units, or SI. Today, most scientist use this system of measurement. One advantage is that scientist can easily share information.

Other Advantages of SI Units Units are based on the number 10. Common SI units:  Length: meter (m)  Volume: cubic meter (cm 3 )  Mass: kilogram (kg)  Temperature: Kelvin (K)

K angaroos H op D own M ountains D rinking C hocolate M ilk PrefixSymbolExample kilo-k kilogram (kg) hecto-h hectoliter (hL) deca-da decameter (dam) --- meter (m), gram (g), liter (L) deci-d decigram (dg) centi-c centimeter (cm) milli-m milliliter (mL) Common SI Units

Length The meter is the basic SI unit of length.  To measure smaller things, you need to use centimeters (cm = 1/100 of a meter).  Millimeters (mm) are smaller.  Micrometers (μm) and nanometers (nm) are even smaller.

Area Area is the measure of how much surface an object has. Area = length X width The units for area are called square units. m 2 or cm 2 or km 2

area lengthwidth The Equation Can Also Be Rearranged To Find Length and Width

Volume The amount of space that something occupies or, the amount of space that something contains.

Volume of a Liquid The volume of a liquid is often given in liters (L). Liters are based on the meter. A cubic meter (1 m 3 ) = 1000 L. A cubic centimeter (1 cm 3 ) = 1 mL Graduated cylinders are used to measure the volume of liquids.

Volume of a Solid The volume of a large solid is given in cubic meters (m 3 ).  The volume of smaller objects can be given in cubic centimeters (cm 3 ) or cubic millimeters (mm 3 ).  The volume of box-shaped items can be determined by multiplying the objects length X width X depth.

Displacement To find the volume of irregular shaped items… 4 mL of water 7 mL of water Since we know that 1 mL = 1 cm 3, the volume of the bolt is 3 cm 3.

Mass The amount of matter that something is made of.  The kilogram (kg) is the basic SI unit for the mass of large objects.  The gram (g) is used for smaller objects.  Very large objects are given in metric tons. A metric ton = 1000 kg

Density The amount of matter in a given volume. Density = Since density is the ratio of mass to volume, units often used for density are g/mL and g/cm 3. mass volume

mass densityvolume The Equation Can Also Be Rearranged To Find Mass and Volume

Temperature The measure of how hot or cold something is. Scientists commonly use degrees Celsius ( o C) although Kelvin (K) is the official SI unit for temperature. We will always use Celsius.

How Do Fahrenheit and Celsius Compare?

How To Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit and Visa Versa Celsius to Fahrenheit  Determine the temperature in Fahrenheit  Using your calculator, subtract 32  Multiply the result times 5  Divide that answer by 9  Your final answer is the temperature in Celsius Fahrenheit to Celsius  Determine the temperature in Celsius  Using your calculator, multiply the temperature times 1.8  Add 32 to the result  Your final answer is the temperature in Fahrenheit