1 Is Pay Parking Killing the High Street? Giuliano Mingardo Erasmus University Rotterdam

STATEMENTS 2

PARKING IS IMPORTANT FOR RETAIL 3

THE AVAILABILITY OF PARKING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE CUSTOMERS’ CHOICE WHERE TO GO SHOPPING 4

PARKING FEES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE CUSTOMERS’ CHOICE WHERE TO GO SHOPPING 5

6 CAR DRIVERS ARE BETTER CUSTOMERS [SPEND MORE MONEY] THAN CUSTOMERS TRAVELLING BY OTHER MODES

7 CUSTOMERS BY CAR CAN CARRY MORE THINGS THAN CUSTOMERS BY OTHER MODES

THE MAJORITY OF CUSTOMERS USE THE CAR TO REACH THE SHOPPING AREA 8

QUESTION 9

Which customer would you prefer? Let’s assume for a moment that there are two famous Italians walking in your shopping area; You can only choose one of them to enter your shop; Which one would you prefer? 10

The two famous Italians are… 11 Name: Mario Balotelli Profession: Footbal player Yearly Income: € X,000,000 Name: Giuliano Mingardo Profession: Researcher Yearly Income: € X0,000 Children: 0 [living at home] Children: 3 [living at home]

12 Trunk: dm 3 Almost 2 cubic meters!! Trunk: dm 3 Max 0,2 cubic meters!! 10% of Giuliano’ s car Giuliano’ s car Balotelli’ s car (one of)

PARKING AND RETAIL – SOME FIGURES 13 Data from +180 shopping areas in the Netherlands

How to read the next slides… 14

15 Strong (positive) relationship between A and B No relationship between A and B

RANDSTAD (NL) 16 PARKING SCORE SCORE CAR ACCESSIBILITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCORE PARKING AND SCORE CAR ACCESSIBILITY

RANDSTAD (NL) 17

CARBIKE WALK PT TURNOVER M2 MODAL SPLIT CAR MODAL SPLIT BIKE MODAL SPLIT WALKMODAL SPLIT PT

Do Parking tariffs Explain Turnover (for Daily Goods)? Very small R² of regression No causal relationship; model not significant

Does Parking Capacity Explain Turnover (for Daily Goods)? R² is zero! No causal relationship

Does Parking Capacity Explain Turnover (for Non-Daily Goods)? Very small R² of regression No causal relationship

Do Parking tariffs Explain Turnover (for Non-Daily Goods)? Very small R² of regression No causal relationship

Reasons for choosing the shopping area 23

Can't see the wood for the trees if someone can't see the wood for the trees, they are unable to understand what is important in a situation because they are giving too much attention to details 24

THANK YOU Go raibh maith agaibh Giuliano Mingardo 25